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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (17): 10-16.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0967

所属专题： 生物技术； 玉米； 农业生态

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

配方施肥对春玉米生长发育的影响

于博(), 张学芳, 徐松鹤(), 任琴, 杨玉亭, 周萌洋, 潘瑜, 刘梦琪   

  1. 集宁师范学院,内蒙古乌兰察布 012000
  • 收稿日期:2021-10-13 修回日期:2021-12-10 出版日期:2022-06-15 发布日期:2022-07-08
  • 通讯作者: 徐松鹤
  • 作者简介:于博,男,1986年出生,讲师,博士,主要从事作物生理生态与土壤肥力调控方面的研究。通信地址：012000 内蒙古乌兰察布市工农大街59号,E-mail： jnsyyubo@126.com。
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目“内蒙古平原灌区玉米带土壤肥力特征及秸秆还田调控机制研究”(2021BS03022);乌兰察布市基础研究项目“盐碱地培肥机理与秸秆还田节水调控技术研究”(2021JC201);内蒙古自治区高等学校科学技术研究项目“乌兰察布地区几种蒿属植物BVOCs对狼毒的化感作用及临界计量”(NJZY22309);集宁师范学院博士科研启动基金项目资助“蒙西玉米带高产土壤剖面特征及根系特性研究”(JSBSJJ1710);集宁师范学院大学生创新创业训练计划项目“蒙优615”(CXCY2021114270024)

Effects of Formula Fertilization on the Growth and Development of Spring Maize

YU Bo(), ZHANG Xuefang, XU Songhe(), REN Qin, YANG Yuting, ZHOU Mengyang, PAN Yu, LIU Mengqi   

  1. Jining Normal University, Ulanqab, Inner Mongolia 012000
  • Received:2021-10-13 Revised:2021-12-10 Online:2022-06-15 Published:2022-07-08
  • Contact: XU Songhe

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摘要：

内蒙古平原灌区气候干旱,土壤肥力低,春玉米生产对化肥中氮磷钾营养元素的依赖性高,为探究本地区适宜的肥料配方和投入量,及其对春玉米生长发育的影响,本试验选用春玉米‘先玉1619’和‘A2636’两个品种作为供试材料,设计了不施肥(CK)、26-16-8（处理Ⅰ）、25-10-16（处理Ⅱ）、15-15-15（处理Ⅲ）和34-9-7（处理IV）5个处理的随机区组试验,研究了不同配方肥对春玉米地上部形态、光合效率和叶片生理的影响。结果表明,春玉米‘先玉1619’品种,处理Ⅲ的株高显著高于其他处理,处理Ⅰ的茎粗显著高于其他处理,处理IV的净光合速率(Pn)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、叶绿素含量、过氧化物酶活性、可溶性蛋白质含量显著高于其他处理。春玉米‘A2636’品种,处理Ⅰ的株高显著高于其他处理,处理IV的茎粗显著高于其他处理,处理Ⅲ的净光合速率(Pn)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、叶绿素含量、过氧化物酶活性、可溶性蛋白质含量显著高于其他处理。综上可知,氮比例高的34-9-7配方肥对春玉米‘先玉1619’生长发育有显著影响。氮磷钾比例均衡的15-15-15配方肥对春玉米‘A2636’品种生长发育有显著影响。以上结论为土壤肥力低的干旱区春玉米生产提供施肥依据。

关键词: 春玉米, 配方肥, 光合效率, 叶绿素, 可溶性蛋白质

Abstract:

The irrigated area of Inner Mongolia plain has dry climate and low soil fertility, and spring maize production is highly dependent on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients. In order to explore the suitable fertilizer formula and input amount in this area and their effects on the growth and development of spring maize, two varieties of spring maize, ‘Xianyu 1619’ and ‘A2636’, were selected as test materials. A random block test with no fertilizer (CK), 26-16-8 (treatment Ⅰ), 25-10-16 (treatment Ⅱ), 15-15-15 (treatment Ⅲ) and 34-9-7 (treatment IV) was designed. The effects of different fertilizer formula on the aboveground morphology, photosynthetic efficiency and leaf physiology of spring maize were studied. The results showed that: for spring maize variety ‘Xianyu 1619’, the plant height under treatment Ⅲ was significantly higher than that under other treatments, and the stem diameter under treatment Ⅰ was significantly higher than that under other treatments, and net photosynthetic rate (Pn), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductivity (Gs), chlorophyll content, peroxidase activity and soluble protein content under treatment IV were significantly higher than those under other treatments. For spring maize variety ‘A2636’, the plant height under treatment Ⅰ was significantly higher than that under other treatments, the stem diameter under treatment IV was significantly higher than that under other treatments, and Pn, Ci, Tr, Gs, chlorophyll content, peroxidase activity and soluble protein content under treatment Ⅲ were significantly higher than those under other treatments. In conclusion, the 34-9-7 formula with a high nitrogen ratio had significant influence on the growth of spring maize ‘Xianyu 1619’, and the 15-15-15 formula with balanced ratio of N, P and K had significant effect on the growth and development of spring maize ‘A2636’. The conclusion can provide a fertilization basis for spring maize production in arid area with low soil fertility.

Key words: spring maize, formula fertilizer, photosynthetic efficiency, chlorophyll, soluble protein

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