油莎豆对自然盐碱胁迫的生长及生理响应

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0862

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探究油莎豆在不同浓度自然盐碱胁迫下的生长及生理响应,揭示油莎豆在盐碱胁迫的耐盐碱机制与能力。本试验以‘中油莎1号’品种为供试材料,通过采集自然盐碱土和农田土,分别按0%、25%、50%、75%、100%的盐碱土比例进行胁迫,观测油莎豆的生长发育、渗透调节物质、丙二醛及保护酶活性等生理代谢指标。结果表明：随着盐碱胁迫强度的增大,油莎豆叶绿素合成受阻,其株高、分蘖数、结豆数、总粒重及生物量均显著下降;脯氨酸、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白及丙二醛含量均呈上升趋势,且在75%盐碱土比例下均显著上升;SOD活性呈先上升,在50%盐碱土处理下达到最大后下降。油莎豆在自然盐碱胁迫下生长受到抑制,出苗和分蘖期均显著延后,随盐碱胁迫程度的升高细胞膜脂过氧化逐渐加重,而油莎豆可通过提高体内SOD活性来缓解盐害,同时盐碱胁迫下油莎豆可通过调节脯氨酸与可溶性糖的积累,从而增强植株从环境中的保水能力,以提高植株对盐碱胁迫的适应能力。

关键词: 油莎豆, 盐碱胁迫, 生物量, 渗透调节物质, 丙二醛, 叶绿素

Abstract:

The study aims to explore the growth and physiological response of Cyperus esculentus under different concentrations of natural saline-alkali stress, and reveal the saline-alkali tolerance mechanism and ability of C. esculentus. In this experiment, ‘Zhongyousha No.1’ was used as the test material, physiological metabolic indexes, such as growth and development, osmotic regulation substances, malondialdehyde (MDA) and protective enzyme activities of C. esculentus, were observed by collecting and mixing natural saline-alkali soil and farmland soil at the ratio of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, respectively. The results showed that with the increase of saline-alkali stress intensity, chlorophyll synthesis was blocked, plant height, tiller number, bean number, total grain weight and biomass decreased significantly. The content of proline, soluble sugar, soluble protein and malondialdehyde all showed an increasing trend, and increased significantly under 75% saline-alkali soil ratio. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased first, reached the maximum under 50% saline-alkali soil ratio and then decreased. The growth of C. esculentus was inhibited under natural saline-alkali stress, and seedling emergence stage and tillering stage were significantly delayed. With the rise of saline-alkali stress degree, cell membrane lipid peroxidation increased gradually, but C. esculentus could alleviate the salt stress by increasing SOD activity in the plant. At the same time, C. esculentus under saline-alkali stress could adjust the accumulation of proline and soluble sugar to enhance water absorbing capacity of plants from the environment, so as to improve the adaptability of plants to saline-alkali stress.

Key words: Cyperus esculentus L., saline-alkali stress, biomass, osmotic regulating substance, malondialdehyde, chlorophyll

中图分类号:

S565.5

梁培鑫, 唐榕, 郭晨荔, 郭睿, 何皇成, 王腾飞, 刘建国. 油莎豆对自然盐碱胁迫的生长及生理响应[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(26): 1-8.

LIANG Peixin, TANG Rong, GUO Chenli, GUO Rui, HE Huangcheng, WANG Tengfei, LIU Jianguo. Growth and Physiological Response of Cyperus esculentus L. to Natural Saline-alkali Stress[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(26): 1-8.

图/表 10

参考文献 30

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处理组	离子浓度/(g/kg)								pH	电导率/ (μS/cm)
处理组	K⁺	Na⁺	Mg²⁺	Ca²⁺	S0₄^2-	HC0₃^-	C0₃^2-	Cl^-	pH	电导率/ (μS/cm)
CK	0.0888	0.6852	0.2269	0.3168	5.2641	2.6401	0.0000	0.1202	7.94	372
A	0.1259	3.0977	0.2036	0.2716	5.3652	3.9344	0.142	0.1636	8.55	592
B	0.1630	5.5102	0.1804	0.2263	5.4662	5.2287	0.284	0.2070	8.92	746
C	0.2001	7.9227	0.1571	0.1810	5.5673	6.5230	0.4261	0.2504	9.23	903
D	0.2372	10.3352	0.1338	0.1358	5.6684	7.8173	0.5681	0.2938	9.51	1187

处理组	离子浓度/(g/kg)								pH	电导率/ (μS/cm)
处理组	K⁺	Na⁺	Mg²⁺	Ca²⁺	S0₄^2-	HC0₃^-	C0₃^2-	Cl^-	pH	电导率/ (μS/cm)
CK	0.0888	0.6852	0.2269	0.3168	5.2641	2.6401	0.0000	0.1202	7.94	372
A	0.1259	3.0977	0.2036	0.2716	5.3652	3.9344	0.142	0.1636	8.55	592
B	0.1630	5.5102	0.1804	0.2263	5.4662	5.2287	0.284	0.2070	8.92	746
C	0.2001	7.9227	0.1571	0.1810	5.5673	6.5230	0.4261	0.2504	9.23	903
D	0.2372	10.3352	0.1338	0.1358	5.6684	7.8173	0.5681	0.2938	9.51	1187

处理		株高/ cm		分蘖数	结豆数/ 粒		总粒重/ g		地上部				地下部
处理		株高/ cm		分蘖数	结豆数/ 粒		总粒重/ g		鲜重/g		干重/g		鲜重/g		干重/g
CK		75.75±7.42a		62±1.41a	216.33±5.86a		165.33±4.48a		269.01±28.05a		76.35±7.64a		90.77±6.64ab		16.37±1.32a
A	73.57±2.93a		58.67±5.69a			196.5±19.09a		127.83±9.78b		233.35±14.7b		60.41±4.28b		102.03±11.54a		18.78±1.96a
B	57.97±4.76b		53.67±6.66ab			163.33±17.62b		111.39±11.43c		217.38±23.21b		58.79±7.37b		82.57±7.08bc		15.4±1.21ab
C	52.77±5.01bc		47.33±3.05b			166.67±9.07b		112.99±7.99bc		181.27±12.24c		50.6±3.28bc		73.99±7.4cd		13.47±1.46b
D	49.67±3.06c		45.33±5.03b			146±13.75b		106.6±6.47c		170.53±10.67c		47.66±3c		63.31±4.7d		11.63±0.94c

处理		株高/ cm		分蘖数	结豆数/ 粒		总粒重/ g		地上部				地下部
处理		株高/ cm		分蘖数	结豆数/ 粒		总粒重/ g		鲜重/g		干重/g		鲜重/g		干重/g
CK		75.75±7.42a		62±1.41a	216.33±5.86a		165.33±4.48a		269.01±28.05a		76.35±7.64a		90.77±6.64ab		16.37±1.32a
A	73.57±2.93a		58.67±5.69a			196.5±19.09a		127.83±9.78b		233.35±14.7b		60.41±4.28b		102.03±11.54a		18.78±1.96a
B	57.97±4.76b		53.67±6.66ab			163.33±17.62b		111.39±11.43c		217.38±23.21b		58.79±7.37b		82.57±7.08bc		15.4±1.21ab
C	52.77±5.01bc		47.33±3.05b			166.67±9.07b		112.99±7.99bc		181.27±12.24c		50.6±3.28bc		73.99±7.4cd		13.47±1.46b
D	49.67±3.06c		45.33±5.03b			146±13.75b		106.6±6.47c		170.53±10.67c		47.66±3c		63.31±4.7d		11.63±0.94c