欢迎访问《中国农学通报》,

中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (6): 149-157.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0455

• 三农研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

改革开放以来广东农民收入变化特征及未来选择

梁俊芬1,2(), 张磊1,2, 张辉玲1,2, 周灿芳1,2(), 万忠1,2   

  1. 1广东省农业科学院农业经济与信息研究所,广州510640
    2农业农村部华南都市农业重点实验室,广州 510640
  • 收稿日期:2021-04-28 修回日期:2021-05-30 出版日期:2022-02-25 发布日期:2022-03-16
  • 通讯作者: 周灿芳
  • 作者简介:梁俊芬,女,1980年出生,河南新乡人,副研究员,硕士,研究方向:农民增收与农业技术效率。通信地址:510640 广州市天河区金颖路31号 广东省农业科学院农业经济与信息研究所,Tel:020-38319172,E-mail: 251092539@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    广东省自然科学基金项目“政府补贴对农业企业TFP的影响研究:作用机理、实证识别与提升路径”(2019A1515011982);广东省农业科学院“十四五”新兴学科团队建设“产业经济与都市农业团队”(202124TD);广东省农业科学院中青年学科带头人培养计划项目“金颖之光——区域农业规划与都市农业”(R2020PY-JG014);广东省哲学社会科学“十三五”规划2018年度项目“乡村振兴的制度供给与政策保障研究”(GD18CXY03)

Variation Characteristics and Future Choice of Farmers’ Income in Guangdong Province Since the Reform and Opening Up

LIANG Junfen1,2(), ZHANG Lei1,2, ZHANG Huiling1,2, ZHOU Canfang1,2(), WAN Zhong1,2   

  1. 1Institute of Agricultural Economics and Information, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640
    2Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510640
  • Received:2021-04-28 Revised:2021-05-30 Online:2022-02-25 Published:2022-03-16
  • Contact: ZHOU Canfang

摘要:

农业农村工作,说一千、道一万,增加农民收入是关键。本文通过系统回顾改革开放40多年来广东农民收入的变动历程及其来源构成,分析当前及今后一段时期广东农民增收面临的主要问题和挑战,判断未来广东农民收入的增长点及政策选择,具有重要现实意义。研究发现,改革开放以来广东农民收入增速经历了“快速增长—明显下滑—恢复—低迷—持续较快增长”5个阶段;农民收入来源发生了根本性变化,工资性收入贡献占主体地位、经营性收入贡献呈递减趋势、转移性收入成为新亮点、财产性收入贡献度较低;城乡居民收入绝对差距呈“剪刀差”持续扩大趋势。当前,广东农民收入增长中存在财产性收入偏少、分配公平性不足等问题和矛盾。新时期,需适应经济新常态的变化,着力构建农民持续稳定增收的长效机制,包括提升农民人力资本,促进农村一二三产业融合发展,完善农村各项产权制度,提高农村社会保障水平等。

关键词: 农村居民, 人均可支配收入, 历史回顾, 收入结构, 变化特征, 乡村振兴

Abstract:

The key to agricultural and rural work is to increase farmers’ income. This paper systematically reviewed the change and source components of Guangdong farmers’ income in the past 40 years of the reform and opening up, analyzed the main problems and challenges faced by Guangdong farmers’ income increase at present and in the future, and judged future growth points and policy choices of Guangdong farmers’ income increase. Since the reform and opening up, the growth rate of farmers’ income in Guangdong has experienced five stages: rapid growth-apparent decline-recovery-downturn-sustained rapid growth. The source of farmers’ income has changed fundamentally, the wage income contribution has become the main body, the business income contribution has decreased, the transfer income has become a new bright spot, and the property income contribution is relatively low. The absolute income gap between urban and rural residents shows that the ‘scissors gap’ continues to expand. At present, there are some problems and contradictions in the income growth of Guangdong farmers, such as less property income and insufficient fairness of distribution. In the new era, it is necessary to adapt to the changes of the new normal of the economy and strive to build a long-term mechanism for the sustained and stable increase of farmers’ income, including raising farmers’ human capital, promoting the development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas, enhancing the rural property rights system, and improving the level of rural social security.

Key words: rural residents, per capita disposable income, historical review, income structure, variation characteristics, rural revitalization

中图分类号: