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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (19): 1-6.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0558

• 农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

打顶方式对‘云晒1号’晒黄烟等级结构及产质量的影响

甄安忠1(), 唐旭兵1, 赵斌1, 段开伟1, 雷加忠1, 方保1, 李光西1(), 扶艳艳2, 鲁耀2()   

  1. 1 云南香料烟有限责任公司，云南德宏 533103
    2 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所，昆明 650205
  • 收稿日期:2023-08-15 修回日期:2024-01-17 出版日期:2024-07-05 发布日期:2024-07-02
  • 通讯作者:
    李光西，男，1975年出生，云南保山人，高级农艺师，硕士，主要从事烟叶栽培、植保与调制技术研究。通信地址：678400 云南保山市隆阳区建设路174号 云南香料烟有限责任公司，Tel：0875-2160906，E-mail：。
    鲁耀，男，1974年出生，河南沈丘人，研究员，硕士，主要从事植物营养与作物品质方面的研究。通信地址：650205 云南昆明北京路延长线2238号 云南省农业科学院，Tel：0871-65893157，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    甄安忠，男，1988年出生，山西长治人，农艺师，硕士，主要从事烟叶栽培与调制技术研究。通信地址：678400 云南保山市隆阳区建设路174号 云南香料烟有限责任公司，Tel：0875-2160906，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    中国烟草公司云南省公司2022年重大科技计划项目“云南特色晒烟关键生产技术研究及应用”(2022530000241032)

Effects of Topping Methods on Grade Structure, Yield and Quality of ‘Yunshai-1’ Yellow Sun-cured Tobacco

ZHEN Anzhong1(), TANG Xubing1, ZHAO Bin1, DUAN Kaiwei1, LEI Jiazhong1, FANG Bao1, LI Guangxi1(), FU Yanyan2, LU Yao2()   

  1. 1 Yunnan Oriental Tobacco Co., Ltd., Dehong, Yunnan 533103
    2 Institute of Agricultural Resource & Environment, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205
  • Received:2023-08-15 Revised:2024-01-17 Published:2024-07-05 Online:2024-07-02

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摘要：

为满足卷烟工业在烤烟型卷烟中对晒黄烟原料的应用需求，明确云南省德宏州晒黄烟最佳打顶方式和打顶时间，以‘云晒1号’晒黄烟为材料，研究4种打顶方式（T1处理为抠心打顶，T2处理为现蕾期打顶，T3处理为初花期打顶，T4处理为盛花期打顶）对晒黄烟农艺性状、经济性状、等级结构和内在化学品质的影响。结果表明，烟叶经济性状及等级结构以T1处理综合表现最好，其次是T3处理；上、中部烟叶化学成分含量多数指标达到了优质烟叶要求，均能满足工业需求，以T2、T3处理综合表现较好；从关键指标烟碱含量来看，上部烟叶均超过了2%，其中T2表现最好，超过了2.5%，T3接近2.5%，中部烟叶烟碱含量均超过了2.4%，T2、T3处理接近于3%。综上，云南德宏州晒黄烟最佳打顶方式为初花期打顶（即中心花开发10%时封顶，当烟田有10%的烟株第1朵中心花开时进行打顶），其次是现蕾期打顶[即烟田大部分烟株现蕾，主茎伸出幼叶，花蕾与幼叶明显分开后，将花蕾、花梗连同其下2~3张小叶（花序）一并打掉]；打顶最佳时间为3月中下旬（即移栽后110 d左右）。

关键词: 晒黄烟, ‘云晒1号’, 打顶方式, 等级结构, 烟叶品质

Abstract:

In order to meet the application demand of cigarette industry for yellow sun-cured tobacco materials in flue-cured cigarettes, the best topping method and topping time of yellow sun-cured tobacco in Dehong of Yunnan Province was clarified, and the effects of four topping methods (T1 pinching the top, T2 topping at bud stage, T3 topping at early flowering stage, T4 topping at flowering period) on the agronomic, economic, grade structure and intrinsic chemical quality of ‘Yunshai 1’ yellow sun-cured tobacco were studied. The results showed that the comprehensive performance of T1 treatment was the best, followed by T3 treatment. And the chemical components content of upper and middle tobacco could meet the requirements of high-quality tobacco leaves and the needs of cigarette industry. The chemical quality comprehensive performance of T2 and T3 treatment were better. The nicotine content of upper leaves was over 2% in four treatments, in which T2 treatment was the best, over 2.5%, and T3 treatment was nearly 2.5%. The nicotine content of middle leaves was more than 2.4%, and that of T2 and T3 treatments were close to 3%. So it is suggested that the best method for yellow sun-cured tobacco in Dehong is to top at early flowering stage, followed by topping at bud stage. The best time for topping is in mid-to-late March, or about 110 days after transplanting.

Key words: yellow sun-cured tobacco, ‘Yunshai-1’, topping methods, grade structure, quality of tobacco leaf