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中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (22): 125-130.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0674

• 植物保护·农药 • 上一篇    下一篇

猕猴桃黑头病菌的生物学特性及其致病性研究

付博1(), 王家哲1, 任平1, 李浩2, 常青1, 李英梅1, 张锋1()   

  1. 1 陕西省生物农业研究所,西安 710043
    2 周至县植保植检站,西安 710400
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-20 修回日期:2024-06-05 出版日期:2024-07-28 发布日期:2024-07-28
  • 通讯作者:
    张锋,男,1973年出生,陕西泾阳人,研究员,博士,研究方向:果蔬病虫害综合防控。E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    付博,女,1982年出生,副研究员,博士,研究方向:生物防治。通信地址:710043 西安市新城区咸宁中路125号,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    西安市科技局科技计划项目“猕猴桃黑斑病发病规律及综合防控技术研究”(21NYYF0026); 陕西省重点研发计划“猕猴桃果实黑斑病的田间快速检测及应急防控技术研究”(2021NY-060)

Biological Characteristics and Pathogenicity of Kiwifruit Black Spot Pathogen

FU Bo1(), WANG Jiazhe1, REN Ping1, LI Hao2, CHANG Qing1, LI Yingmei1, ZHANG Feng1()   

  1. 1 Bio-Agriculture Institute of Shaanxi, Xi’an 710043
    2 Plant Protection and Inspection Station of Zhouzhi County, Xi’an 710400
  • Received:2023-09-20 Revised:2024-06-05 Published:2024-07-28 Online:2024-07-28

摘要:

明确猕猴桃黑头病病原菌的生物学及致病特性,研究不同培养条件下菌体的生长特性,及其对不同品种猕猴桃的致病性差异,为深入开展侵染机理、流行规律及病害防治关键技术等研究提供理论依据。结果表明,猕猴桃黑头病的病原菌Diaporthe eres在15~30℃、pH 5~11条件下均能生长,最适温度28℃,对高温敏感,高于35℃时菌体生长速度显著降低。菌体在多种碳源中均能生长,最适碳源为葡萄糖。更易利用有机氮源,最适氮源为酵母浸粉。钙离子对病原菌生长具有促进作用,菌体生长速度与钙离子含量呈正比。菌体不能产生有性孢子,只能以无性分生孢子进行繁殖。对‘翠香’、‘徐香’、‘瑞玉’猕猴桃具有明显的致病性,但是不侵染‘海沃德’、‘亚特’、‘秦美’猕猴桃。

关键词: 猕猴桃黑头病, 间座壳属, 生物学特性, 致病性, 培养条件, 钙离子影响

Abstract:

In order to confirm the biological and pathogenic characteristics of the pathogenic fungi of black spot on kiwifruit, the biological characteristics of the strain under different culture conditions and their pathogenicity differences to varieties of kiwifruits were studied. It will provide theoretical basis for further research on infection mechanism, epidemic rules and key technologies of disease prevention and control. The results showed that Diaporthe eres, the pathogen of kiwifruit-black spot, could grow at 15-30℃ and pH 5-11. The optimum temperature was 28℃, and it was sensitive to high temperature. The growth rate of the fungus decreased significantly when the temperature was higher than 35℃. The strain could grow in different carbon sources, the most suitable carbon source was glucose. It was easier to use organic nitrogen source, and the most suitable nitrogen source was yeast extract powder. Calcium could promote the growth of the strain, and the growth rate was proportional to the content of calcium. The strain could only reproduce conidia, but could not produce ascospores. The strain had obvious pathogenicity to ‘Cuixiang’, ‘Xuxiang’ and ‘Ruiyu’ kiwifruits, but could not infect ‘Hayward’, ‘Yate’ and ‘Qinmei’ kiwifruits.

Key words: black spot on kiwifruit, Diaporthe eres, biological characteristics, pathogenicity, culture conditions, calcium ion effects