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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (11): 140-145.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0576

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

马铃薯新品种气候生态适应性分析

吴志岐1(), 王亚婷1,2, 王鲜丽1,2   

  1. 1 中国旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室，银川 750002
    2 宁夏回族自治区西吉县气象局，宁夏西吉 756200
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-09 修回日期:2024-12-31 出版日期:2025-04-15 发布日期:2025-04-11
  • 作者简介:

    吴志岐，男，1968年出生，副高级工程师，本科，主要从事农业气象服务及研究工作。通信地址：756202 宁夏回族自治区固原市西吉县滨河路181号 宁夏回族自治区西吉县气象局，Tel：0954-3012527，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    西吉县科技研发计划项目“西吉县马铃薯适宜收获期预测研究”(2024KJYF002)

Analysis of Climatic and Ecological Adaptability of New Potato Varieties

WU Zhiqi1(), WANG Yating1,2, WANG Xianli1,2   

  1. 1 Key Laboratory for Monitoring, Early Warning and Risk Management of Agrometeorological Disasters with Chinese Characteristics in Arid Regions, Yinchuan 750002
    2 Xiji County Meteorological Bureau, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Xiji, Ningxia 756200
  • Received:2024-09-09 Revised:2024-12-31 Published:2025-04-15 Online:2025-04-11

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摘要：

为筛选出适宜宁夏大田种植的马铃薯新品种，在大田环境下，采用双垄侧面穴播，选择‘冀张薯8号’和‘虎头’2个品种，设置不同膜色及覆膜方式等10个处理。数据结果用方差分析及重复比较。结果表明：黑色膜比露地0~20 cm土壤含水量高5.1%，比覆白色膜高2.3%；块茎膨大期秋覆黑色膜0~20 cm地温比露地高0.6℃，比秋覆白色膜田块低1.5℃；黑色膜马铃薯平均产量达27000 kg/hm2，比白色膜马铃薯平均增产4500 kg/hm2，比露地增产10500 kg/hm2，增幅分别达到20%和63.6%，黑色膜比白色膜产量显著提高，全覆膜比半覆膜产量显著提高。‘冀张薯8号’产量明显高于‘虎头’，其中黑色全膜单株薯重高出488 g；产量高出16311 kg/hm2，增产306.5%，增产效果十分显著。在30000株/hm2的种植密度下，产量最高，增产率达到27.7%。建议大面积推广‘冀张薯8号’，滴灌黑色全膜覆盖栽培增产3倍以上。

关键词: 马铃薯, 不同处理, 产量, 结构, 分析

Abstract:

In order to screen out new potato varieties suitable for field planting in Ningxia, two varieties of 'Jizhangshu 8' and 'Hutou' were planted by double ridge side hole sowing in the field environment, and 10 treatments such as different film colors and film mulching methods were set up. The results were analyzed by variance and repeated comparison. The results showed that the water content of black film was 5.1% higher than that of 0-20 cm open soil, and 2.3% higher than that of white film. The ground temperature was 0.6℃ higher than that in the open field and 1.5℃ lower than that in the white film field at 0-20 cm of autumn tuber swelling stage. The average yield of black film covered potato was 27000 kg/hm2, which was 4500 kg/hm2 higher than that of white film covered potato and 10500 kg/hm2 higher than that of open field, with the increases of 20% and 63.6% respectively. The yield of black film was significantly higher than that of white film, and the yield of full film significantly higher than that of half film. The yield of 'Jizhang Potato 8' was significantly higher than that of 'Hutou', in which the weight of a single plant with black full film was 488 g higher; the output was 16311 kg/hm2 higher, increasing by 306.5%, and the effect of increasing production was very significant. In terms of planting density, under the planting density of 30000 plants /hm2, the yield was the highest, and the increase rate reached 27.7%. It is suggested to popularize 'Jizhang Potato 8' in a large area, which increase yield by more than 3 times under black full film cultivation by drip irrigation.

Key words: potato, different treatments, yield, structure, analysis