黄河三角洲互花米草入侵轨迹及防治前景

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0615

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

互花米草作为外来入侵植物，在黄河三角洲地区迅速扩散，加速土壤盐渍化，威胁本地物种，破坏了生态系统健康。本研究通过遥感卫星图片分析技术，分析了黄河三角洲地区互花米草入侵足迹，发现互花米草完成定殖后（2004年前），迅速占领入侵生境并快速扩散（2004—2014）。尽管最近10 a人为抑制了互花米草的入侵速度，减少了入侵面积（2014—2024），但其仍具有卷土重来、二次入侵的可能性。因此，研究进一步对互花米草入侵不同阶段的假说进行了分类梳理，对比不同防治措施，考虑到互花米草入侵时对根际微生物的影响，提出可以从植物-土壤反馈机制入手研究互花米草的防治，提高对黄河三角洲互花米草入侵的微生物学机制的认识，科学探索互花米草微生物学防治的前景。研究旨在为未来互花米草入侵提供新的防治思路。

关键词: 互花米草, 黄河三角洲, 入侵机制, 入侵轨迹, 防治策略

Abstract:

Spartina alterniflora, as an alien invasive plant, has spread rapidly in the Yellow River Delta region, threatened native species, and damaged ecosystem health. This paper analyzes the invasion footprint of Spartina alterniflora in the Yellow River Delta by using remote sensing satellite image analysis techniques. It was found that after Spartina alterniflora completed colonization (before 2004), it quickly occupied the invaded habitat and rapidly spread (2004—2014). Although human intervention had suppressed the invasion speed of Spartina alterniflora and reduced the invasion area in the past decade (2014—2024), it still had the potential to make a comeback and reinvade. Therefore, we further classify and summarize the hypotheses of different stages of Spartina alterniflora invasion, compare various control measures, the prospect of scientific exploration of microbiological control of Spartina alterniflora in the future is proposed. The aim of this study is to provide a new way to prevent and control Spartina alterniflora invasion in the future.

Key words: Spartina alterniflora, Yellow River Delta, invasion mechanisms, invasion trajectory, control strategies

杨蕊萌, 闫国永. 黄河三角洲互花米草入侵轨迹及防治前景[J]. 中国农学通报, 2025, 41(9): 149-156.

YANG Ruimeng, YAN Guoyong. Invasion Trajectory and Control Prospects of Spartina alterniflora in Yellow River Delta[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(9): 149-156.

图/表 2

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假说	定义	参考文献
表型可塑性假说 Phenotypic plasticity hypothesis	拥有同一种基因型的个体，由于环境的不同而表现出的不同性状的适应特征	[20]
繁殖体压力假说 Propagule pressure hypothesis	外来植物成功入侵的概率常与繁殖体引入的数量与次数呈正相关；繁殖体越多，成功入侵的可能性越大	[21]
理想杂草特征假说 Ideal weed characteristics hypothesis	外来种本身在形态、生理、生态、遗传和行为等方面具备先天优势，帮助外来物种在新的生境中迅速定殖	[22]
天敌释放假说 Enemy release hypothesis	外来物种进入到新的区域后由于缺乏天敌，可将用于抵御天敌的资源用于生长和繁殖	[23]
新武器假说 New weapon hypothesis	入侵者在新分布区环境中能释放抑制潜在竞争者的化感物质	[24]
资源有效性的增强假说 The fluctuating resource hypothesis	物种的扩植和建群均需要环境资源，资源水平的提高为入侵提供了更高的可能性	[25]
互惠共生假说 Mutualism hypothesis	2个或多个生物体相互受益，存在于所有类型的生态系统中，参与构建生态系统的组成并维持其稳定	[26]

假说	定义	参考文献
表型可塑性假说 Phenotypic plasticity hypothesis	拥有同一种基因型的个体，由于环境的不同而表现出的不同性状的适应特征	[20]
繁殖体压力假说 Propagule pressure hypothesis	外来植物成功入侵的概率常与繁殖体引入的数量与次数呈正相关；繁殖体越多，成功入侵的可能性越大	[21]
理想杂草特征假说 Ideal weed characteristics hypothesis	外来种本身在形态、生理、生态、遗传和行为等方面具备先天优势，帮助外来物种在新的生境中迅速定殖	[22]
天敌释放假说 Enemy release hypothesis	外来物种进入到新的区域后由于缺乏天敌，可将用于抵御天敌的资源用于生长和繁殖	[23]
新武器假说 New weapon hypothesis	入侵者在新分布区环境中能释放抑制潜在竞争者的化感物质	[24]
资源有效性的增强假说 The fluctuating resource hypothesis	物种的扩植和建群均需要环境资源，资源水平的提高为入侵提供了更高的可能性	[25]
互惠共生假说 Mutualism hypothesis	2个或多个生物体相互受益，存在于所有类型的生态系统中，参与构建生态系统的组成并维持其稳定	[26]