幼苗期温度胁迫对装配式日光温室栽植奶油生菜的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0625

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 评估温度对装配式日光温室奶油生菜的影响，以期为设施蔬菜的优质培育、环境调控管理水平的提高提供参考。以奶油生菜为供试材料，在幼苗期设置4个温度(5、10、15、23℃)处理组，每个温度处理组分别处理3、6、9 d。研究分析不同处理对奶油生菜生长期间株高、鲜重、含水量、叶片数、叶面积的影响。结果显示：（1）处理天数越长，不同温度对株高和鲜重的影响越明显。其中T₉₂₃（23℃处理9 d）培养增长最为明显，与T₉₅（5℃处理9 d）、T₉₁₀（10℃处理9 d）、T₉₁₅（15℃处理9 d）相比，至成熟期，株高分别高出127%、86.98%、72.60%，鲜重分别高出104%、79.25%、60.16%。（2）处理3 d条件下，4种温度培养的奶油生菜含水量差异不明显，但在处理6、9 d条件下，5、10、15℃处理对奶油生菜含水量有不同程度的抑制作用。（3）4种温度培养的奶油生菜叶片数在处理3、6 d条件下差异并不显著，至成熟期均增多3~4倍。而在处理9 d条件下，较低温度(5、10、15℃)培养的叶片数极显著少于23℃，成熟期仅比培养初期增多2.3~2.6倍。（4）处理3 d条件下，4种温度培养的叶面积差异不显著，而在处理6、9 d条件下，23℃培养均极显著高于较低温度(5、10、15℃)，其中处理6 d下成熟期比5、10、15℃分别高出119%、86.25%、71.46%，而处理9 d下可分别高出174%、143%、113%。研究表明，幼苗期温度23℃预处理9 d条件下可显著提升奶油生菜株高、鲜重、含水量、叶片数、叶面积，持续3 d以上温度低于15℃不利于奶油生菜的生长发育。

关键词: 装配式日光温室, 奶油生菜, 幼苗期, 温度胁迫, 生长指标, 设施蔬菜

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature stress on Lactuca sativa var. ramosa in prefabricated solar greenhouse, with a view to laying the foundation for the high quality cultivation of facility vegetables and improving the level of environmental regulation and management. L. sativa var. ramosa was used as the test material, and four temperature treatment groups (5, 10, 15, 23℃) were set up during the seedling stage. Each temperature treatment group was treated for 3, 6 and 9 d respectively. The effects of different treatments on plant height, fresh weight, water content, leaf number and leaf area during the growth were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) the longer the treatment days, the more significant the difference on plant height and fresh weight caused by different temperatures. Among them, T₉₂₃(23℃ treatment for 9 days) showed the most significant growth in culture, with plant height 127%, 86.98%, 72.60%, and fresh weight 104%, 79.25%, 60.16% higher than T₉₅(5℃ treatment for 9 days), T₉₁₀(10℃ treatment for 9 days), T₉₁₅(15℃ treatment for 9 days) at maturity, respectively. (2) Under the condition of 3 d treatment, the difference of water content at four temperature levels was not obvious, but under the condition of 6 and 9 d treatments, 5, 10, 15℃ treatments had different degrees of inhibition. (3) The leaf number at four temperature levels was not significantly different under the conditions of 3 and 6 d treatments, and increased by 3 to 4 times in the mature stage. Under the condition of 9 d treatment, the leaf number at lower temperatures (5, 10, 15℃) was significantly less than 23℃. The mature stage only increased by 2.3-2.6 times compared to the initial stage of cultivation. (4) For leaf area, there was no significant difference among the four temperature levels under 3 d treatment conditions. While under 6 and 9 d treatments conditions, the leaf area at 23℃ was significantly higher than that at lower temperatures (5, 10, 15℃). Among them, the maturity period under the 6 d treatment was 119%, 86.25%, 71.46% higher than that under the 5, 10, 15℃ treatments. While under the condition of 9 d treatment, it was 174%, 143%, 113% higher, respectively. Research has shown that the plant height, fresh weight, water content, leaf number and leaf area could be significantly improved by pretreatment at 23℃ for 9 d during the seedling stage. Temperature below 15℃ for more than 3 d is not conducive to the growth and development of L. sativa var. ramosa.

Key words: prefabricated solar greenhouse, Lactuca sativa var. ramosa, seedling stage, temperature stress, growth index, facility vegetables

王璐瑶, 刘涛, 董朝阳, 李梦倩, 李静楠. 幼苗期温度胁迫对装配式日光温室栽植奶油生菜的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2025, 41(13): 49-55.

WANG Luyao, LIU Tao, DONG Chaoyang, LI Mengqian, LI Jingnan. Effects of Temperature Stress at Seedling Stage on Lactuca sativa var. ramosa in Prefabricated Solar Greenhouse[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(13): 49-55.

图/表 6

处理编号	处理天数/d	温度/℃	处理编号	处理天数/d	温度/℃
T₃₅	3	5	T₃₁₅	3	15
T₆₅	6		T₆₁₅	6
T₉₅	9		T₉₁₅	9
T₃₁₀	3	10	T₃₂₃	3	23
T₆₁₀	6		T₆₂₃	6
T₉₁₀	9		T₉₂₃	9

表1. 奶油生菜温度预处理试验设计

图1. 不同温度处理奶油生菜的株高

图2. 不同温度处理奶油生菜的鲜重

图3. 不同温度处理奶油生菜的含水量

图4. 不同温度处理奶油生菜的叶片数

图5. 不同温度处理奶油生菜的叶面积

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