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中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (10): 32-37.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0530

所属专题: 生物技术 园艺

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

低温胁迫对早春茬番茄生长和产量的影响

杨艺炜1(), 王家哲1, 任平1, 刘晨1, 李明明2, 李英梅1()   

  1. 1陕西省生物农业研究所,西安 710043
    2渭南市农业技术推广中心,陕西渭南 714000
  • 收稿日期:2021-05-18 修回日期:2022-01-19 出版日期:2022-04-05 发布日期:2022-05-23
  • 通讯作者: 李英梅
  • 作者简介:杨艺炜,女,1993年出生,山西运城人,研究实习员,硕士,研究方向为植物保护。通信地址:710043陕西省西安市新城区咸宁中路125号 陕西省生物农业研究所,Tel:029-82291059,E-mail: yangyiwei05@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    西安市科技局农业科技创新工程项目“番茄嫁接抗病增产技术研究与应用”(20193017YF005NS005);西安市科技局农业科技创新工程项目“番茄斑萎病毒病绿色防控关键技术研究”(20NYYF0042);陕西省科学院“一所一品”产业化专项“蔬菜绿色生产工程-产业化支撑技术熟化与提升”(2018k-03)

Effects of Low Temperature Stress on Growth and Yield of Tomato Varieties of Early Spring

YANG Yiwei1(), WANG Jiazhe1, REN Ping1, LIU Chen1, LI Mingming2, LI Yingmei1()   

  1. 1Bio-Agriculture Institute of Shaanxi, Xi’an 710043
    2Weinan Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Weinan, Shaanxi 714000
  • Received:2021-05-18 Revised:2022-01-19 Online:2022-04-05 Published:2022-05-23
  • Contact: LI Yingmei

摘要:

以‘冬美F1’、‘金山511’、‘美粉869’、‘冠粉8号’4个番茄品种为材料对象,探究低温胁迫对不同番茄品种幼苗生长及产量影响,评价不同番茄品种耐寒性差异。试验以20℃/4℃、20℃/6℃、20℃/8℃、20℃/15℃为处理,以日光温室自然环境25℃/18℃为对照,各处理同时进行6天试验,分别在低温胁迫前、胁迫6天及定植10天后进行调查取样,测定番茄的耐寒指数、壮苗指数,记录产量以及畸形果个数。结果表明,过度的低温胁迫(4、6℃)使得番茄出现冷害现象,番茄生长指标有一定程度降低;适当的低温胁迫(8、15℃)能够提高番茄的壮苗指数,增加植株干物质积累,且不同品种番茄存在差异;番茄产量和单果重不受苗期低温胁迫的影响,但较低温度的胁迫会影响花芽分化,从而使畸形果数量增加。4个番茄品种的耐寒性由强到弱表现为‘冬美F1’、‘金山511’、‘美粉869’、‘冠粉8号’。试验结果可为关中地区早春茬番茄品种种植提供理论依据。

关键词: 番茄, 低温胁迫, 品种特性, 生长指标, 产量

Abstract:

Tomato varieties, including ‘Dongmei F1’, ‘Jinshan 511’, ‘Meifen 869’and ‘Guanfen 8’, were used as materials to explore the effects of low temperature stress on seedling growth and yield of tomato and evaluate the difference of cold tolerance of the varieties. The experiment set the treatments at 20℃/4℃, 20℃/6℃, 20℃/8℃, 20℃/15℃, and the natural environment of solar greenhouse at 25℃/18℃ was taken as the control. All treatments were conducted for 6 days at the same time. Investigation and sampling were carried out before low temperature stress, 6 days after stress and 10 days after transplanting, respectively. The cold tolerance index and strong seedling index of tomato were measured, and the yield and the number of malformed fruits were recorded. The results showed that excessive low temperature stress (4, 6℃) could cause cold injury to tomato, and decrease the growth index of tomato to certain extent. Appropriate low temperature stress (8, 15℃) could improve the strong seedling index of tomato and increase the dry matter accumulation, and there were differences among different tomato varieties. The yield and the single fruit weight were not significantly affected by low temperature stress at seedling stage, but low temperature stress could affect flower bud differentiation and increase the number of malformed fruits. The order of cold tolerance of the four varieties was ‘Dongmei F1’> ‘Jinshan 511’> ‘Meifen 869’> ‘Guanfen 8’. This experiment provides a theoretical basis for planting early spring tomato varieties in Guanzhong area.

Key words: tomato, low temperature stress, variety characteristics, growth index, yield

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