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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (22): 141-147.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0706

• 食品·营养·检测·安全 • 上一篇    下一篇

密集烘烤变黄程度与定色升温速度对沙泥田烟叶质量的影响

王行1(), 王松峰2, 刘兰1, 姚远华1, 王爱华2, 王晓宾3()   

  1. 1 广东省烟草科学研究所,广东韶关 512029
    2 中国农业科学院烟草研究所/农业农村部烟草生物学与加工重点实验室,山东青岛 266101
    3 中国烟草总公司广东省公司,广州 510627
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-18 修回日期:2025-06-05 出版日期:2025-08-05 发布日期:2025-08-11
  • 通讯作者:
    王晓宾,男,1981年出生,河南汝州人,高级农艺师,硕士,主要从事烟叶生产技术研究与推广。通信地址:510627 广东省广州市天河区林和东路128号 中国烟草总公司广东省公司,Tel:020-35668240,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    王行,男,1974年出生,河南邓州人,高级农艺师,硕士,主要从事烟叶烘烤技术研究和推广。通信地址:512029 广东省韶关市滨江路69号城投大厦西塔 广东省烟草科学研究所,Tel:0751-3822676,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    中国农业科学院科技创新工程“烟草智慧农业创新团队”(ASTIP-TRIC03); 中国烟草总公司广东省公司科技项目“沙泥田烟叶易挂灰机理解析及采烤防治技术研究与应用”(2021440000240145); 中国烟草总公司广东省公司科技项目“提高上部烟叶质量和烘烤特性技术研究与应用”(2019440000200026); 中国烟草总公司科技重点项目“基于图像精准识别的烟叶智能烘烤关键技术研究与应用”(110202102007)

Effects of Yellowing Degree and Increasing Temperature Rate During Bulk Curing on Quality of Tobacco Leaves Produced in Sandy Mud Field

WANG Hang1(), WANG Songfeng2, LIU Lan1, YAO Yuanhua1, WANG Aihua2, WANG Xiaobin3()   

  1. 1 Guangdong Institute of Tobacco Sciences, Shaoguan, Guangdong 512029
    2 Tobacco Research Institute of CAAS/Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, Shandong 266101
    3 Guangdong Tobacco Company, China National Tobacco Corporation, Guangzhou 510627
  • Received:2024-11-18 Revised:2025-06-05 Published:2025-08-05 Online:2025-08-11

摘要:

为优化烘烤工艺、提高烟叶品质,探究密集烘烤变黄程度和定色升温速度对沙泥田烟叶质量的影响。设置3个不同变黄程度(C1为42℃/37℃烟叶变黄程度8成,C2为42℃/37℃烟叶变黄程度9成,C3为42℃/37℃烟叶变黄程度10成)和3个定色期不同升温速度(H1为1℃/3 h升温定色,H2为1℃/2 h升温定色,H3为1℃/h升温定色)处理,结果表明,变黄程度3个处理中,C2烤后挂灰烟比例较C1、C3处理分别显著减少25.63%、40.80%,均价分别提高0.47、2.08元/kg;烤后烟叶总糖含量分别减少7.98%、13.40%,总氮含量分别增加7.24%、33.61%,总酚含量较C1增加7.79%。处理C2的外观质量在色度方面得分最高,感官质量总分最高。定色期升温速度3个处理中,处理H2烤后挂灰烟比例较处理H1、H3分别显著减少21.57%、33.44%,均价分别提高0.64、1.62元/kg;烤后烟叶总糖含量分别减少4.36%、6.90%,总氮含量分别增加3.40%、9.35%,总酚含量较H3增加18.80%。处理H2烟叶外观质量和感官评吸质量得分均最高。综合研究结果,对于沙泥田烟叶密集烘烤,建议在变黄阶段,将干球温度控制在42℃、湿球温度控制在37℃,稳温至烟叶变黄程度达9成,待叶片发软时转火;定色期以1℃/2 h的速度升温定色。采用此烘烤工艺,烤后烟叶挂灰烟比例降低,烟叶质量较好。

关键词: 沙泥田, 密集烘烤, 变黄程度, 定色期升温速度, 烟叶质量

Abstract:

In order to optimize the baking process and improve the quality of tobacco leaves,in this study we investigated the effects of yellowing degree and rising temperature rate during the leaf-drying stage on the quality of tobacco leaves produced in sandy mud field. Three yellowing degrees (C1, 80% yellowing at 42℃/37℃; C2, 90% yellowing at 42℃/37℃; C3, 100% yellowing at 42℃/37℃) and three temperature rising rates during leaf-drying stage (H1, 1℃/3 h; H2, 1℃/2 h; H3, 1℃/h) were set up to study their impacts on upper tobacco leaves produced in sandy mud fields. The results showed that, among the three yellowing degree treatments, C2 significantly reduced the proportion of ash hanging leaves by 25.63% and 40.80% compared to C1 and C3, respectively, while increasing the average price by 0.47 yuan/kg and 2.08 yuan/kg. In terms of chemical composition, total sugar content decreased by 7.98% and 13.40%, total nitrogen content increased by 7.24% and 33.61%, and total phenolic content rose by 7.79% compared to C1. In terms of quality, C2 also achieved the highest appearance quality (color intensity) and sensory evaluation score. Among the three rising temperature rate treatments, H2 significantly reduced the proportion of ash hanging leaves by 21.57% and 33.44% compared to H1 and H3, respectively, with an average price increase of 0.64 yuan/kg and 1.62 yuan/kg. Total sugar content decreased by 4.36% and 6.90%, total nitrogen content increased by 3.40% and 9.35%, and total phenolic content rose by 18.80% compared to H3. H2 exhibited the highest scores in appearance and sensory quality. The study determined the optimal curing parameters for sandy mud field tobacco by maintaining dry-bulb temperature at 42℃ and wet-bulb temperature at 37℃ until leaves reached 90% yellowing degree (C2) with softened blades, then transitioning to the leaf-drying stage at a heating rate of 1℃/2 h (H2). This protocol effectively reduced ash-hanging leaves and improved cured leaf quality.

Key words: sandy mud field, bulk curing, yellowing degree, rising temperature rate at leaf-drying stage, tobacco leaf quality