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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (1): 118-127.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0932

• 食品·营养·检测·安全 • 上一篇    下一篇

烤烟上部6片烟叶一次性采收成熟度的模糊综合评价

邓小强1(), 李思军1(), 侯建林1, 朱林2, 夏冰2, 吴文信1, 江智敏3, 张仲文3, 章程3, 郑宏斌3, 王卫民3, 邓小华2   

  1. 1 湖南省烟草公司郴州市公司桂阳县分公司，湖南郴州 424400
    2 湖南农业大学农学院，长沙 410128
    3 浙江中烟工业有限责任公司，杭州 310008
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-14 修回日期:2023-05-09 出版日期:2024-01-05 发布日期:2023-12-29
  • 通讯作者:
    李思军，男，1974年出生，湖南桂阳人，农艺师，主要从事烟草科研和技术推广。邓小华，男，1965年出生，湖南永州人，教授，博士，主要从事烟草科学与工程技术研究。通信地址：410128 长沙市芙蓉区湖南农业大学农学院，Tel：0731-84618076，E-mail：。
    李思军，男，1974年出生，湖南桂阳人，农艺师，主要从事烟草科研和技术推广。邓小华，男，1965年出生，湖南永州人，教授，博士，主要从事烟草科学与工程技术研究。通信地址：410128 长沙市芙蓉区湖南农业大学农学院，Tel：0731-84618076，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    邓小强，男，1968年出生，湖南桂阳人，农艺师，主要从事烟叶生产管理与科研工作。通信地址：423000 湖南省烟草公司郴州市公司桂阳县分公司，Tel：0735-4422380，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    郴州市烟草专卖局科技项目“稻茬烤烟降本提质增香采烤技术研究与应用”(CZYC2021JS09); 郴州市烟草专卖局科技项目“符合利群品牌需求的云烟87有效叶片数培育关键技术研究与应用”(CZYC2022JS06)

Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation for Harvest Maturity at One Time of 6 Upper Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves

DENG Xiaoqiang1(), LI Sijun1(), HOU Jianlin1, ZHU Lin2, XIA Bing2, WU Wenxin1, JIANG Zhimin3, ZHANG Zhongwen3, ZHANG Cheng3, ZHENG Hongbin3, WANG Weimin3, DENG Xiaohua2   

  1. 1 Guiyang County Branch of Chenzhou Tobacco Company in Hunan Province, Chenzhou, Hunan 424400
    2 College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128
    3 China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310008
  • Received:2022-11-14 Revised:2023-05-09 Published-:2024-01-05 Online:2023-12-29

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摘要：

为明确烤烟上部烟叶一次性采收的适宜成熟度，以湖南桂阳烟区种植的‘云烟87’为材料，设计低成熟度(M1)、中成熟度(M2)、高成熟度(M3)3个处理，开展6片上部烟叶采烤成熟度试验，并采用模糊评价方法对烤后烟叶质量和经济性状进行综合评价。结果表明，随上部烟叶采收成熟度提高，鲜烟叶的SPAD值下降；烤后烟叶微带青比例下降，杂色烟叶比例增加；烟叶成熟度提高，结构变为疏松，油分增多；烟叶单叶质量、厚度、叶面积质量、平衡含水率降低；烟叶总糖、还原糖、钾、淀粉含量下降，烟碱含量增加，化学成分可用性提高；但烟叶产量和产值下降。M2处理的外观质量指数较M1、M3分别高6.18%、 -2.13%，物理性状指数较M1、M3分别高2.35%、5.30%，化学成分可用性指数分别高30.86%、4.55%，评吸总分分别高10.12%、0.50%，经济性状指数分别高8.96%、12.97%，烟叶质量指数分别高12.53%、1.16%，经济效果综合指数分别高10.11%、6.98%。综合来看，湖南桂阳烟区‘云烟87’上部6片烟叶一次性采收成熟度以M2较为适宜，即叶面变黄50%~80%，主脉变白50%~80%，支脉变白30%~50%，部分茸毛脱落，成熟斑较多；SPAD值在20.44~30.79可作为指导稻茬烤烟6片上部烟叶适宜采收成熟度的参考指标。

关键词: 稻茬烤烟, 上部烟叶, 采收成熟度, 烟叶质量, 模糊综合评价

Abstract:

To clarify the suitable maturity for one-time plucking of six upper tobacco leaves, ‘Yunyan 87’ was used as material, and three treatments of low maturity (M1), medium maturity (M2) and high maturity (M3) were designed to carry out the harvesting and curing experiments of different maturity of upper tobacco leaves in Guiyang tobacco area of Hunan, and the fuzzy evaluation method was used to comprehensively evaluate the test results. The results showed that as the harvest maturity of middle tobacco leaves increased, the SPAD value of fresh tobacco and proportion of greenish tobacco leaves decreased, and the proportion of variegated tobacco increased; the maturity of tobacco leaves increased, the structure became loose, and the oil content increased; the single leaf weight of tobacco, thickness of leaf, weight unit leaf area and balance water ratio decreased; the contents of total sugar, reducing sugar, potassium and starch decreased, the contents of nicotine increased, and the availability of chemical components increased; tobacco yield and output value decreased. Compared with M1 and M3, index of appearance quality of M2 treatment was 6.18% and -2.13% higher, physical properties index was 2.35% and 5.30% higher, availability index of chemical components was 30.88% and 4.55% higher, total score of smoking quality was 10.12% and 0.50% higher, the economic properties index was 8.96% and 12.97% higher, index of tobacco quality was 12.53% and 1.16% higher, and the comprehensive economic effect index was 10.11% and 6.98% higher. On the whole, M2 was the most suitable ripeness for the 6 upper tobacco leaves; and the suitable harvest maturity of ‘Yunyan 87’ of upper leaves in Guiyang tobacco area of Hunan required that leaf surface turned yellow by 50%-80%, main vein became white by 50%-80%, branch vein became white by 30%-50%, part of the hair fell off, and there were more mature spots. When the SPAD value of fresh tobacco was 20.44-30.79, it could be used as a reference for guiding the appropriate harvest maturity of upper tobacco leaves of paddy- tobacco of ‘Yunyan 87’.

Key words: paddy-tobacco, upper flue-cured tobacco leaves, harvest maturity, quality of tobacco leaf, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation