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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (19): 12-19.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0728

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

聚碳酶制剂施用方式对烤烟生长发育及产质量的影响

徐文正1(), 李鹏2, 李建华3, 王孟孟1, 刘巧真1, 韩会阁1, 吴照辉1, 王典3()   

  1. 1 河南省农业科学院烟草研究所，河南许昌 461000
    2 河南烟草公司南阳市分公司，河南南阳 473000
    3 河南烟草公司许昌市分公司，河南许昌 461000
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-29 修回日期:2025-05-16 出版日期:2025-07-05 发布日期:2025-07-10
  • 通讯作者:
    王典，女，1988年出生，河南辉县人，农艺师，硕士，主要从事烟草栽培和烟草生理的研究工作。E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    徐文正，男，1991年出生，山东滨州人，助理研究员，博士研究生，主要研究方向为烟草栽培生理与技术应用。E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    河南省科技攻关项目“生物有机肥对氮素利用及化肥减氮效应影响研究”(202102110171); 河南烟草公司许昌市公司科技项目“‘熊猫’高端原料定制化生产技术模式构建与应用”(2020411000240071)

Effects of Application Methods of Poly-carbon Enzyme Formulations on Growth, Development and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

XU Wenzheng1(), LI Peng2, LI Jianhua3, WANG Mengmeng1, LIU Qiaozhen1, HAN Huige1, WU Zhaohui1, WANG Dian3()   

  1. 1 Tobacco Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xuchang, Henan 461000
    2 Nanyang Branch of Henan Provincial Tobacco Company, Nanyang, Henan 473000
    3 Xuchang Branch of Henan Provincial Tobacco Company, Xuchang, Henan 461000
  • Received:2024-11-29 Revised:2025-05-16 Published:2025-07-05 Online:2025-07-10

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摘要：

为探究聚碳酶施用对烤烟干物质累积分配的调控效果，优化其施用技术，助力豫中烤烟产质量协同提升，选取烤烟品种‘豫浓香201’为试验材料，于2022年在豫中烟区许昌市魏都区与襄城县紫云镇开展聚碳酶制剂施用技术的优化研究。设置叶面喷施(T1)、灌根(T2)、叶面喷施+灌根(T3)3个处理及清水对照(CK)，系统研究其对烟株生长发育、光合特性、干物质分配及产质量的影响。结果表明，与CK相比，施用聚碳酶能够有效促进烟株的发育，推动干物质的累积，并促进干物质向根部的分配，还能提高叶片的光合速率、增加烤后烟叶的产量与产值。T1处理烤后烟叶糖碱比和钾氯比的提高幅度最大，有助于提高烟叶化学成分的协调性，可提升外观质量中的结构、身份、油分、色度和颜色表现；T2处理烤后烟叶上中等烟比例提升最大，有助于优化烟叶的等级结构；T3处理对烟叶产量的提升幅度超过10%，中上等烟比例降低，且在叶片结构和糖碱比等品质指标上有下降趋势，存在产质协同矛盾风险。综上，单一叶面喷施(T1)在保障烟叶产量基础上，通过提升光合碳同化效率与干物质分配合理性，实现化学成分协调性与外观品质的同步优化，更契合豫中烟区优质烟叶生产需求。

关键词: 聚碳酶, 施用方式, 烤烟, 光合性能, 干物质累积, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

To investigate the regulatory effects of polycarbonate enzyme application on dry matter accumulation and distribution in flue-cured tobacco and to optimize its application techniques for coordinated improvement of yield and quality in central Henan tobacco production, this study utilized the flue-cured tobacco cultivar ‘Yu Nongxiang 201’ and conducted field experiments in 2022 in Weidu District of Xuchang City and Ziyun Town of Xiangcheng County, within the central Henan tobacco-growing region. Three treatments were established: foliar spray (T1), root irrigation (T2), combined foliar spray+ root irrigation (T3), with water as control (CK). The study systematically examined their effects on agronomic traits, photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter allocation, and yield-quality parameters. Results indicated that polycarbonate enzyme application significantly promoted plant development, enhanced dry matter accumulation and rootward allocation, improved leaf photosynthetic rate, and increased yield and economic value of cured leaves compared to CK. T1 treatment achieved the greatest improvements in sugar-to-nicotine ratio and potassium-to-chloride ratio, enhancing the coordination of chemical components and elevating appearance quality indicators such as structure, texture, oil content, color intensity, and hue. T2 treatment maximized the proportion of upper-middle grade leaves, optimizing the grade structure of cured tobacco. T3 treatment increased tobacco yield by over 10% but reduced the proportion of upper-middle grade leaves, with declines observed in leaf structure and sugar-to-nicotine ratio, indicating a potential yield-quality trade-off. In conclusion, sole foliar application (T1) effectively balanced yield maintenance with improvements in photosynthetic carbon assimilation efficiency and rational dry matter distribution, achieving simultaneous optimization of chemical coordination and appearance quality. This approach aligns with the practical requirements for high-quality tobacco production in the central Henan region.

Key words: poly-carbon enzyme, application methods, flue-cured tobacco, photosynthetic performance: dry matter accumulation, yield, quality