多环芳烃污染土壤的生物强化修复研究进展：聚焦细菌趋化性机制与应用

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0795

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (11): 55-63.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0795

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇下一篇

多环芳烃污染土壤的生物强化修复研究进展：聚焦细菌趋化性机制与应用

刘远彤(), 石悦琪, 敖国旭, 王兆轩, 孙珊珊()

黑龙江大学生命科学学院，农业微生物技术教育部工程研究中心，黑龙江省寒区植物基因与生物发酵重点实验室，黑龙江省普通高校微生物重点实验室，哈尔滨 150080

收稿日期:2024-12-18 修回日期:2025-03-03 出版日期:2025-04-15 发布日期:2025-04-11
通讯作者:
孙珊珊，女，1990年出生，黑龙江绥化人，副教授， EMBED Word.Document.8 ED Word.Document.8 博士，研究方向：微生物次生代谢产物与生理。通信地址：150080 黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区学府路74号黑龙江大学224信箱，Tel：0451-86609016，E-mail：2022043@hlju.edu.cn。
作者简介:
刘远彤，女，2002年出生，黑龙江哈尔滨人，硕士研究生，研究方向：微生物次生代谢产物与生理。通信地址：150080 黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区学府路74号黑龙江大学生命科学学院，E-mail：3079168492@qq.com。
基金资助:
黑龙江省生态环境厅项目“土壤污染物PET降解菌的协同代谢及修复效果初探”(HST2022TR005); 黑龙江省科学技术协会项目“黑龙江省青年科技人才托举工程项目”(2022QNTJ007); 黑龙江省省属高等学校基本科研业务费科研项目“聚乙烯微塑料对污染物雌二醇命运的影响及土壤微生物群落的响应机制”(2024-KYYWF-0087)

Research Progress on Biological Enhancement of Soils Contaminated with Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Focusing on Bacterial Chemotaxis Mechanism and Application

LIU Yuantong(), SHI Yueqi, AO Guoxu, WANG Zhaoxuan, SUN Shanshan()

Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education/Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region/ Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province / School of Life Sciences,Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080

Received:2024-12-18 Revised:2025-03-03 Published:2025-04-15 Online:2025-04-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

多环芳烃(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons，PAHs)是一类广泛存在于环境中的持久性有机污染物，在土壤中的浓度高达几千微克每千克，已对土壤生态环境造成严重损害。传统的物理和化学修复方法不仅成本高昂，还可能对环境造成二次污染。目前，生物修复已被证明具有清洁、可持续等优点，被广泛应用于PAHs污染的土壤修复中。重要的是，细菌趋化性机制可使得更多的PAHs降解菌主动地移向目标污染物，从而提高微生物对PAHs的生物利用度。因此，本文综述了细菌趋化性如何提高PAHs生物利用性的降解机制，并对未来PAHs微生物降解研究方向从理论和应用方面提出建议，为继续探究细菌趋化性在PAHs降解机制方面提供理论依据。

关键词: 多环芳烃, 生物强化, 细菌趋化性, 土壤环境修复, 趋化机制

Abstract:

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of persistent organic pollutants widely present in the environment. Their concentrations in soil can reach several thousand micrograms per kilogram, causing serious damage to the soil ecological environment. Traditional physical and chemical remediation methods are not only costly, but also potentially cause secondary pollution. Currently, bioremediation has been proven to be clean and sustainable and is widely used for PAHs-contaminated soil remediation. Importantly, the bacterial chemotaxis mechanism enables more PAHs-degrading bacteria to actively migrate towards the target contaminant, thereby improving the bioavailability of PAHs to microorganisms. Therefore, this article reviewed the degradation mechanism of how bacterial chemotaxis can enhance the bioavailability of PAHs and offered suggestions for future theoretical and applied research directions in microbial PAH degradation, providing a theoretical basis for further exploring the degradation mechanism of bacterial chemotaxis in PAHs.

Key words: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, bio-enhancement, bacterial chemotaxis, soil environmental remediation, chemotaxis mechanism

刘远彤, 石悦琪, 敖国旭, 王兆轩, 孙珊珊. 多环芳烃污染土壤的生物强化修复研究进展：聚焦细菌趋化性机制与应用[J]. 中国农学通报, 2025, 41(11): 55-63.

LIU Yuantong, SHI Yueqi, AO Guoxu, WANG Zhaoxuan, SUN Shanshan. Research Progress on Biological Enhancement of Soils Contaminated with Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Focusing on Bacterial Chemotaxis Mechanism and Application[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(11): 55-63.

图/表 5

图1. 非稠环型PAHs与稠环型PAHs 3D立体化学结构图中灰色实心球表示C原子；白色表示H原子；深红色表示Br原子；鲜红色表示-OH

图2. 细菌趋化作用示意图 A、B、C、D、R、V、W、X、Y、Z：表示为趋化蛋白；-p：表示为磷酸根离子；MCPs：甲基受体趋化性蛋白

图3. 大肠杆菌信号传导机制（CheA、CheY、CheW、CheZ、CheR、CheB为趋化蛋白）

菌株	趋化物	化学式	文献
Pseudomonas putida RKJ1	萘(Naphthalene)	C₁₀H₈	[31]
Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E	苯衍生物(Benzene derivatives)	例：C₇H₈	[32]
Pseudomonas putida PRS2000 Pseudoalcaligenes KF707	苯甲酸(Benzoate)	C₇H₆O₂	[33] [34]
	苯甲酸(Benzoate)	C₇H₆O₂
	氯代苯甲酸(Chlorobenzoate)	C₇H₅O₂Cl
Pseudomonas fluorescens KU-7	2-硝基苯甲酸(2-nitrobenzoate)	C₇H₅NO₄	[35]
Azospirillum brasilense sp. 7, CD	苯甲酸(Benzoate)	C₇H₆O₂	[36]
	儿茶酚(Catechol)	C₆H₆O₂
	原儿茶酸(Protocatechuate)	C₇H₆O₄

表1. 以PAHs为趋化物的细菌

图4. 趋化细菌与植物根系的相互作用图中表示细菌被根系分泌物吸引，降解污染物；五边形表示：根系分泌物；粉色、绿色图标表示：土壤微生物群；蓝色箭头表示：养分循环

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多环芳烃污染土壤的生物强化修复研究进展：聚焦细菌趋化性机制与应用

Research Progress on Biological Enhancement of Soils Contaminated with Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Focusing on Bacterial Chemotaxis Mechanism and Application

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