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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (22): 134-140.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0083

• 畜牧·动物医学·蚕·蜂 • 上一篇    下一篇

中华蜜蜂与地熊蜂对连翘的访花行为及授粉效果研究

李晓东1(), 吴楠1, 姜涛1, 刘铭1, 温春秀1, 郭文秀2, 王媛3, 张希悦3, 于毅2(), 刘灵娣1,4()   

  1. 1 河北省农林科学院经济作物研究所/河北省药用植物技术创新中心，石家庄 050051
    2 山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所，济南 250100
    3 山东农业工程学院农业科技学院，山东淄博 255300
    4 道地药材品质保障与资源持续利用全国重点实验室，北京 100700
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-11 修回日期:2025-06-09 出版日期:2025-08-05 发布日期:2025-08-11
  • 通讯作者:
    刘灵娣，女，1978年出生，河北石家庄人，博士，研究员，主要从事药用植物育种、栽培工作。通信地址：050051 河北省农林科学院经济作物研究所药用植物技术创新中心，E-mail：。
    于毅，男，1965年出生，山东宁津人，研究员，博士，主要从事作物害虫综合防控和授粉昆虫研究。通信地址：250100 山东省济南市历城区工业北路23788号 山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    李晓东，男，1995年出生，河北石家庄人，硕士，助理研究员，主要从事药用植物评价研究工作。通信地址：050051 河北省农林科学院经济作物研究所药用植物技术创新中心，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    河北省自然科学基金中医药联合基金重点项目“太行山中草药种植的药用与生态服务权衡/协同机制研究”(H2023301001); 河北省重点研发计划中医药创新专项“连翘生产全链条标准化体系建设研究与应用”(23377501D); 国家现代农业产业技术体系项目“全草类药材”岗位项目(CARS-21); 中央本级重大增减支项目“名贵中药资源可持续利用能力建设项目”(2060302)

Evaluation of Visiting Behavior and Pollination Effect of Apis cerana cerana and Bombus terrestris on Forsythia suspensa

LI Xiaodong1(), WU Nan1, JIANG Tao1, LIU Ming1, WEN Chunxiu1, GUO Wenxiu2, WANG Yuan3, ZHANG Xiyue3, YU Yi2(), LIU Lingdi1,4()   

  1. 1 Cash Crop Research Institute of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/ Hebei Medical Plant Engineering Technology Research Center, Shijiazhuang 050051
    2 Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100
    3 Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Zibo, Shandong 255300
    4 State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing 100700
  • Received:2025-02-11 Revised:2025-06-09 Published:2025-08-05 Online:2025-08-11

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摘要：

为筛选适宜连翘(Forsythia suspensa)授粉的高效传粉昆虫，分别对地熊蜂(Bombus terrestris)、中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana cerana)的访花行为和授粉效果进行观测对比。在连翘开花期，通过标记花枝并记录花朵数量，统计座果率，并在收获期测量果实的果长、果宽、鲜重和干重等指标。结果显示，中华蜜蜂和地熊蜂的访花行为存在明显差异。中华蜜蜂单花访问时间较短[(9.77±0.16) s]，访花频率较高[(9.18±0.32)朵/min]，访花间隔时间较短[(3.50±0.60) s]，出巢高峰期和回巢高峰期分别为上午10:00（322只）、下午14:00（237只）。地熊蜂的单花访问时间较长[(14.65±3.25) s]，访花频率较低[(4.28±0.25)朵/min]，访花间隔时间较长[(7.65±1.35) s]，出巢和回巢高峰期分别为上午10:00（32只）和下午14:00（28只）。不同授粉处理对连翘座果率影响显著，中华蜜蜂授粉的座果率最高(79%)，显著高于地熊蜂授粉座果率(58%)与对照组(50%)座果率，且均显著高于连翘的风传授粉座果率(17%)和自花授粉座果率(2%)。此外，中华蜜蜂授粉显著提升了连翘果实的果长、果宽、鲜重和干重等农艺性状。中华蜜蜂的有效放蜂距离为180 m。综上，中华蜜蜂的访花效率和授粉效果均优于地熊蜂，是连翘授粉的理想蜂种。

关键词: 连翘, 中华蜜蜂, 地熊蜂, 访花行为, 授粉效果

Abstract:

To screen suitable pollinating insects for Forsythia suspensa, the foraging behaviors and pollination effects of Bombus terrestris and Apis cerana cerana were observed and compared. In the F. suspensa field, test areas for B. terrestris, A. cerana cerana, and a control area were established. Pollination methods included self-pollination, wind pollination, and entomophily. During the flowering period of F. suspensa, flower branches were selected and tagged to mark the number of flowers. After fruit setting, the fruit setting rate was counted, and at the harvest stage, quantitative indicators such as fruit length, fruit width, fresh weight, and dry weight of F. suspensa fruits under different treatments were statistically analyzed. The results showed that there were significant differences in flower-visiting behaviors between A. cerana cerana and B. terrestris on F. suspensa. The single flower visiting time of A. cerana cerana is (9.77±0.16) s, the flower-visiting frequency is (9.18±0.32) min, visit flower interval time is (3.50±0.60) s, the peak periods for leaving the nest and returning to the nest are 10:00 am (322 individuals) and 14:00 pm (237 individuals), respectively; B. terrestris single flower visit time is (14.65±3.25) min, visit flower frequency is (4.28±0.25) min, visit flower interval time is (7.65±1.35) s, the peak periods for leaving the nest and returning to the nest are 10:00 am (32 individuals) and 14:00 pm (28 individuals). The fruit setting rate of F. suspensa had obvious difference under different pollination treatments, the highest fruit-setting rate was observed in the A. cerana cerana pollination group (79%). While no significant difference existed between the B. terrestris pollination group (58%) and the control group (50%), both groups exhibited significantly higher fruit-setting rates compared to wind pollination (17%) and self-pollination (2%) in F. suspensa. There are significant differences in fruit length, width, fresh weight and dry weight of F. suspensa under different pollination treatments, the agronomic traits of F. suspensa fruit after pollination by A.cerana cerana are significantly better than other treatments. The effective distance for A. cerana cerana to release is 180 m. A. cerana cerana is an excellent bee species for pollinating F. suspensa and has a better pollination effect on F. suspensa.

Key words: Forsythia suspensa, Apis cerana cerana, Bombus terrestris, flower visiting behavior, pollination effect