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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (29): 84-90.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0282

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

膨润土保水剂特征及其在盐碱地改良中的应用研究进展

刘炜烨1(), 孙铭婕2, 刘幸红2, 董国良3, 王延平1, 刘方春2(), 马海林2   

  1. 1 山东农业大学林学院, 山东泰安 271018
    2 山东省林业科学研究院, 济南 250014
    3 山东省地质矿产勘查开发局第二水文地质工程地质大队(山东省鲁北地质工程勘察院), 山东德州 253000
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-03 修回日期:2025-08-18 出版日期:2025-10-15 发布日期:2025-10-22
  • 通讯作者:
    刘方春,男,1978年出生,山东泰安人,研究员,博士,主要从事土壤与植物营养方面的研究。通信地址:250014 山东济南历下区文化东路42号 山东省林业科学研究院,Tel:0531-88557780,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    刘炜烨,女,2001年出生,山东泰安人,硕士研究生,研究方向:土壤改良与生态修复。通信地址:271000 山东省泰安市泰山区岱宗大街61号 山东农业大学,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划“盐碱地及沿海泥质砂质土壤定向改良与林草群落高效构建技术”(2024YFD2200502); 中央林业改革发展资金(林业科技推广示范补助)项目(鲁[2024]TG 02)

Research Progress on Characteristics of Bentonite Water-retaining Agent and Its Application in Saline-alkali Soil Improvement

LIU Weiye1(), SUN Mingjie2, LIU Xinghong2, DONG Guoliang3, WANG Yanping1, LIU Fangchun2(), MA Hailin2   

  1. 1 Forestry College, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018
    2 Shandong Academy of Forest, Jinan 250014
    3 The Second Hydrological and Geological engineering Geological Brigade of Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development (Shandong Geological engineering Survey Institute), Dezhou, Shandong 253000
  • Received:2025-04-03 Revised:2025-08-18 Published:2025-10-15 Online:2025-10-22

摘要:

全球土壤盐渍化问题日益严重,导致土壤生产力下降、植物生长受抑,不仅威胁粮食安全、造成经济损失,更严重威胁农业可持续发展和生态平衡。膨润土保水剂因其独特的膨胀性、高吸水性和离子交换性,可通过改善土壤团聚体结构、降低土壤容重、调控水盐迁移、减少盐分表聚与土壤板结,缓解盐渍化危害,为土壤微生物和植物提供更适宜的生长环境,因此被认为是一种具有良好应用前景的土壤改良材料。本研究采用文献计量的方法,系统分析了Web of Science及知网中与膨润土保水剂相关的文献,总结了膨润土保水剂的结构特性及其对盐渍土水盐迁移的影响,分析了其在改善土壤结构、提升养分利用效率、促进微生物活性及作物增产等方面的应用效果,探讨了膨润土保水剂的应用潜力与局限性,展望未来研发趋势。研究结果表明,膨润土保水剂可使盐碱地土壤团聚体稳定性提高15%~30%,作物氮磷钾吸收量增加20%~40%。其“吸水—抑盐—生态友好”协同优势显著,是盐碱地改良的潜力材料。未来研究可侧重于膨润土保水剂复合改性与多功能协同应用,进一步提升其保水、调盐及养分协同调控能力,以期为盐碱地低成本、环境友好型改良和农业可持续发展提供理论支持。

关键词: 土壤盐渍化, 膨润土保水剂, 离子吸附, 水盐迁移, 离子交换

Abstract:

The problem of global soil salinization is becoming increasingly serious, leading to the decline of soil productivity, inhibition of plant growth, threats to food security, and economic losses. Consequently, it poses a significant threat to agricultural production and ecological balance. Due to its unique properties such as expansibility, high water absorption and ion exchange, bentonite water-retaining agent has shown great potential in improving saline-alkali land. It can enhance soil aggregate structure, reduce soil bulk density, regulate water and salt migration, reduce salt accumulation on the surface and mitigate the soil hardening caused by salinization. Moreover, it provides a more favorable growth environment for soil microorganisms and plants. Therefore, it is considered as a promising material for soil remediation. In this study, the literature related to bentonite water-retaining agent retrieved from Web of Science and CNKI was systematically analyzed using bibliometric methods. Specifically, the structural characteristics of bentonite water-retaining agent and its effects on water and salt migration in saline soils were summarized. In addition, the application outcomes of bentonite water-retaining agent in improving soil structure, enhancing nutrient utilization efficiency, promoting microbial activity and increasing crop yield were evaluated. Furthermore the potential applications and limitations of bentonite water-retaining agent were discussed. The results showed that bentonite water-retaining agent could increase the stability of soil aggregates in saline-alkali soil by 15%-30%, and the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by crops by 20%-40%. The bentonite water-retaining agent has significant synergistic advantages of ‘water absorption-salt suppression-ecological friendliness' and is a potential material for saline-alkali land improvement. Future research can focus on the composite modification and multi-functional synergistic application of bentonite water retaining agent to further improve its water retention, salt regulation and nutrient synergistic regulation ability, in order to provide theoretical support for low-cost, environmentally friendly improvement and sustainable agricultural development of saline-alkali land.

Key words: saline-alkali land, bentonite water-retaining agent, ion adsorption, water-salt migration, ion exchange