烟草病虫害生物防治技术研究进展和应用前景

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0520

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (3): 163-170.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0520

烟草病虫害生物防治技术研究进展和应用前景

杨磊¹(), 郝焕焕², 胡心雨¹, 易克¹, 荆永锋¹, 黄文坤²()

¹ 湖南中烟工业有限责任公司，长沙 410019
² 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所，植物病虫害综合治理全国重点实验室，北京 100193

收稿日期:2025-06-25 修回日期:2025-10-11 出版日期:2026-02-15 发布日期:2026-02-09
通讯作者:
黄文坤，男，1971年出生，湖南邵阳人，研究员，博士，从事植物线虫致病机理及防控技术研究。通信地址：100193 北京市海淀区圆明园西路2号中国农业科学院植物保护研究所，E-mail：wkhuang2002@163.com。
作者简介:
杨磊，男，1980年出生，山东潍坊人，农艺师，硕士研究生，主要从事烟草栽培技术及推广研究。通信地址：410019 湖南省长沙市雨花区万家丽中路三段188号湖南中烟工业有限责任公司，E-mail：1092518523@qq.com。
基金资助:
湖南中烟烟草农业与示范推广项目“湘黔烟区粮经烟融合发展技术体系研究与应用”(KY2025JD0004)

Biological Control Technology of Tobacco Pests and Diseases: Current Research Status and Future Prospects

YANG Lei¹(), HAO Huanhuan², HU Xinyu¹, YI Ke¹, JING Yongfeng¹, HUANG Wenkun²()

¹ China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co. Ltd., Changsha 410019
² Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pest, Beijing 100193

Received:2025-06-25 Revised:2025-10-11 Published:2026-02-15 Online:2026-02-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对近年来烟草病虫害发生种类多、危害重，对烟草的产量和质量造成了严重影响，及长期不合理使用化学农药，引发了农药残留超标、环境污染加剧、危害人体健康等一系列问题，为发展绿色高效防控策略，系统总结烟草病虫害的常规控制与生物防治策略，重点阐述植物源农药、天敌昆虫、微生物制剂、RNA农药及纳米递送技术等新型防控手段的最新研究进展。结果显示：（1）传统生物防治中，木霉菌、蠋蝽等对烟草黑胫病、烟蚜等防控效果显著（防效超60%）；（2）RNA农药通过特异性沉默靶标基因实现精准防控，纳米递送技术可提升其稳定性与递送效率；（3）新型防控策略具有环境友好、靶标专一等优势，但存在成本高、田间稳定性不足等问题。综上，生物防治技术是烟草病虫害绿色防控的核心方向，传统生物防治与新型RNA农药各具应用价值。未来需深化防控机制研究，推动技术集成创新，优化RNA农药与纳米递送技术，为烟草绿色生产提供更全面的技术支撑。

关键词: 烟草病虫害, 防治策略, 常规控制策略, 生物防治策略, RNA农药, 纳米农药

Abstract:

In recent years, tobacco diseases and pests have occurred in numerous types with severe damage, significantly affecting the yield and quality of tobacco. The long-term irrational use of chemical pesticides has triggered a series of issues such as excessive pesticide residues, intensified environmental pollution, and endangering human health. In order to reduce the adverse impacts of chemical pesticides and develop green and efficient strategies for tobacco disease and pest control, this paper systematically summarizes the conventional control strategies and biological control strategies of tobacco pests and diseases, focusing on elaborating the latest research progress of new prevention and control strategies such as botanical pesticides, natural enemy insects, microbial preparations, RNA pesticides and nano-delivery technology. The results showed that: (1) in the traditional biological control, Trichoderma and Arma chinensis had significant control effects on tobacco black shank and Myzus persicae (the control effect was more than 60%). (2) RNA pesticides achieve precise prevention and control by specifically silencing target genes, and nano-delivery technology can improve their stability and delivery efficiency. (3) The new prevention and control strategy has the advantages of environmental friendliness and target specificity, but there are problems such as high cost and insufficient field stability. In summary, biological control technology is the core direction of green prevention and control of tobacco diseases and pests. Traditional biological control and new RNA pesticides have their own application value. In the future, it is necessary to deepen the research on prevention and control mechanism, promote technology integration innovation, optimize RNA pesticide and nano-delivery technology, and provide more comprehensive technical support for tobacco green production.

Key words: tobacco pests and diseases, control strategy, conventional control strategy, biological control strategy, RNA pesticides, nano-pesticides

杨磊, 郝焕焕, 胡心雨, 易克, 荆永锋, 黄文坤. 烟草病虫害生物防治技术研究进展和应用前景[J]. 中国农学通报, 2026, 42(3): 163-170.

YANG Lei, HAO Huanhuan, HU Xinyu, YI Ke, JING Yongfeng, HUANG Wenkun. Biological Control Technology of Tobacco Pests and Diseases: Current Research Status and Future Prospects[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2026, 42(3): 163-170.

图/表 3

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生物防治策略	具体防治方法	生防制剂类型举例	参考文献
传统生防策略	微生物防治	核型多角体病毒(NPV)、木霉菌、绿僵菌、苏云金杆菌(Bt)、白僵菌、芽孢杆菌	[10]、[11]、[12]、[13]
	植物源农药防治	厚朴酚、苦参碱型生物碱、植物精油、瑶药（独脚风、穿破石、贯众）、肉桂醛	[17]、[18]、[19]、[20]
	天敌生物防治	蠋蝽雌雄成虫、蚜茧蜂、巴氏新小绥螨和剑毛帕厉螨并与球孢白僵菌	[21]、[22]、[23]、[24]、[25]
	昆虫信息素	性诱剂、昆虫信息素缓蚀剂、报警信息素	[26]、[27]、[28]
新型RNA农药生防策略	外源施用dsRNA	喷雾诱导，直接施于植物表面、dsRNA直接浸泡、机械接种	[41]、[43]、[44]
	培育表达dsRNA的转基因植物	抗棉铃虫转基因烟草、抗棉粉蚧转基因烟草、抗叶斑病转基因烟草、抗黄瓜花叶病毒转基因烟草	[46]、[47]、[48]、[49]
	纳米载体递送dsRNA	pH响应型纳米粒子递送、阳离子型纳米载体递送	[52]、[53]

生物防治策略	具体防治方法	生防制剂类型举例	参考文献
传统生防策略	微生物防治	核型多角体病毒(NPV)、木霉菌、绿僵菌、苏云金杆菌(Bt)、白僵菌、芽孢杆菌	[10]、[11]、[12]、[13]
	植物源农药防治	厚朴酚、苦参碱型生物碱、植物精油、瑶药（独脚风、穿破石、贯众）、肉桂醛	[17]、[18]、[19]、[20]
	天敌生物防治	蠋蝽雌雄成虫、蚜茧蜂、巴氏新小绥螨和剑毛帕厉螨并与球孢白僵菌	[21]、[22]、[23]、[24]、[25]
	昆虫信息素	性诱剂、昆虫信息素缓蚀剂、报警信息素	[26]、[27]、[28]
新型RNA农药生防策略	外源施用dsRNA	喷雾诱导，直接施于植物表面、dsRNA直接浸泡、机械接种	[41]、[43]、[44]
	培育表达dsRNA的转基因植物	抗棉铃虫转基因烟草、抗棉粉蚧转基因烟草、抗叶斑病转基因烟草、抗黄瓜花叶病毒转基因烟草	[46]、[47]、[48]、[49]
	纳米载体递送dsRNA	pH响应型纳米粒子递送、阳离子型纳米载体递送	[52]、[53]

烟草病虫害生物防治技术研究进展和应用前景

Biological Control Technology of Tobacco Pests and Diseases: Current Research Status and Future Prospects

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