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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (15): 54-64.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0534

• 生物科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

碳离子束辐射菜心种子的生物学效应及转录组分析

戚明蔚1,2(), 秦艺珊1,2, 夭莹云1,2, 赖紫欣1,2, 骆善伟2, 周利斌3(), 罗文龙1()   

  1. 1 华南农业大学, 广州 510642
    2 广东省蔬菜新技术研究重点实验室/广东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所, 广州 510640
    3 中国科学院近代物理研究所重离子科学与技术全国重点实验室, 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-30 修回日期:2025-11-11 出版日期:2026-08-15 发布日期:2026-08-13
  • 通讯作者:
    周利斌,男,1979年出生,陕西富平人,研究员,博士,主要从事诱变育种及辐射生物学研究。通信地址:730000 中国科学院近代物理研究所,Tel:0931-5196156,E-mail:
    罗文龙,男,1987年出生,云南广南人,副研究员,博士,主要从事蔬菜基因组学与分子育种研究。通信地址:510640 广东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,Tel:020-85647264,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    戚明蔚,女,2000年出生,广东广州人,研究生,研究方向为蔬菜分子生物学。通信地址:510640 广东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,Tel:020-18620940419,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    广州市科技计划项目“二硫化钼降低芥菜镉吸收转运的分子机制研究”(2023A04J0926); 高水平农科院建设专项资助项目“广东特色蔬莱品质和抗性改良关键技术创新与应用”(QSJS202609)

Biological Effects and Transcriptome Analysis of Brassica rapa var. parachinensis Seed Irradiated by Carbon Ion Beam

QI Mingwei1,2(), QIN Yishan1,2, YAO Yingyun1,2, LAI Zixin1,2, LUO Shanwei2, ZHOU Libin3(), LUO Wenlong1()   

  1. 1 South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642
    2 Guangdong Key Lab for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangzhou 510640
    3 State Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Science and Technology, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000
  • Received:2025-06-30 Revised:2025-11-11 Published:2026-08-15 Online:2026-08-13

摘要:

本研究旨在探究碳离子束辐射对不同成熟期菜心(Brassica rapa var. parachinensis)的生物学影响及其分子调控机制。以中熟品种‘Br70’和早熟品种‘Br49’的菜心种子为试材,经60~480 Gy剂量的碳离子束辐射处理后,测定种子萌发、植株生长及光合作用相关指标,并结合转录组数据分析基因表达谱的变化。结果表明,低剂量(60 Gy) 的碳离子束辐射对两品种均有促进作用,‘Br70’的萌发指数、鲜重分别较对照显著提升5.7%和7.9%;‘Br49’的干重显著提升了16.2%。随着辐射剂量的增加,两品种的发芽率、萌发指数、株高、生物量、存活率及Fv/Fm值均呈明显下降趋势,光合指标数据离散度与畸苗率升高。存活率线性回归分析显示,‘Br70’与‘Br49’的半致死剂量分别为807.2 Gy与398.2 Gy,这表明‘Br49’对辐射的敏感性更高。转录组分析显示,辐射组差异表达基因主要富集于解毒、抗氧化及苯丙烷生物合成等代谢通路。本研究证实碳离子束辐射对菜心种子萌发、植株生长和光合作用均存在不同程度的影响,且早熟品种较中熟品种更敏感,为菜心辐射育种提供了剂量阈值信息与品种选择的理论依据。

关键词: 碳离子束, 菜心, 辐射, 生物学效应, 半致死剂量, 品种敏感性, 转录组, 差异表达基因

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the biological effects of carbon ion beam irradiation on Chinese flowering cabbage (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis) of different maturity and the underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms. Using seeds of the mid-maturing cultivar Br70 and the early-maturing cultivar Br49 as test materials, they were irradiated with carbon ion beams at doses ranging from 60 to 480 Gy, after which germination, growth, and photosynthesis-related indices were measured, and transcriptome data were analyzed to characterize the gene expression profiles. The results showed that low-dose irradiation (60 Gy) had a promotive effect on both cultivars, with the germination index and fresh weight of Br70 increasing significantly by 5.7% and 7.9%, respectively, compared to the control, while the dry weight of Br49 increased significantly by 16.2%. With increasing radiation dose, the germination rate, germination index, plant height, biomass, survival rate, and Fv/Fm values of both cultivars showed a clear declining trend, accompanied by increased data dispersion in photosynthetic indices and a higher abnormal seedling rate. Linear regression analysis of survival rate indicated that the semi-lethal doses for Br70 and Br49 were 807.2 Gy and 398.2 Gy, respectively, demonstrating higher radiation sensitivity in Br49. Transcriptome analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes in the irradiated groups were primarily enriched in pathways related to detoxification, antioxidation, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. This study confirms that carbon ion beam irradiation exerts varying degrees of influence on the germination, growth, and photosynthesis of Chinese flowering cabbage, with early-maturing cultivars being more sensitive than mid-maturing ones, providing a theoretical basis for determining dose thresholds and selecting appropriate cultivars in radiation-induced mutation breeding of Chinese flowering cabbage.

Key words: carbon ion beam, Brassica rapa var. parachinensis, irradiation, biological effect, semi-lethal dose, cultivar sensitivity, transcriptome, differentially expressed genes

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