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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (36): 73-83.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0240

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

氮镁协同肥料对菜心产量、品质及养分利用效率的影响

郝勇舟1(), 李静1, 栗振1, 黄文茵1, 常静静1, 郝艳淑2, 宋钊1, 陈潇1, 陈雷1, 张白鸽1()   

  1. 1 广东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所/广东省蔬菜新技术研究重点实验室, 广州 510640
    2 德钾盐(深圳)农业科技有限公司, 广东深圳 518000
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-27 修回日期:2025-11-18 出版日期:2025-12-25 发布日期:2025-12-25
  • 通讯作者:
    张白鸽,女,1983年出生,内蒙古人,正高,博士,研究方向:植物营养。通信地址:510640 广东省广州市天河区金颖路66号 广东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,Tel:020-38469583,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    郝勇舟,男,1996年出生,河北石家庄人,硕士,研究方向:蔬菜园艺。通信地址:510640 广东省广州市天河区金颖路66号 广东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,Tel:020-38469583,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    广东省农业科学院低碳农业与碳中和研究中心“蔬菜、水稻种植过程碳排放规律及减排技术研究”(XTXM202204); 广东省乡村振兴战略专项“以农产品为单元的广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设项目(蔬菜产业技术体系)”(2024CXTD08)

Effect of Nitrogen-Magnesium Synergistic Fertilizer on Yield, Quality and Nutrient Utilization Efficiency of Flowering Chinese Cabbage

HAO Yongzhou1(), LI Jing1, LI Zhen1, HUANG Wenyin1, CHANG Jingjing1, HAO Yanshu2, SONG Zhao1, CHEN Xiao1, CHEN Lei1, ZHANG Baige1()   

  1. 1 Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetable, Guangzhou 510640
    2 Shenzhen K+S Trading Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000
  • Received:2025-03-27 Revised:2025-11-18 Published:2025-12-25 Online:2025-12-25

摘要:

菜心(Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. utilis)是华南地区种植规模最大的特色蔬菜,但其生产中普遍存在氮肥过量施用与镁(Mg)素供应不足的问题,严重制约绿色高效生产。本研究针对性设计氮镁协同肥料(N-P2O5-K2O-MgO=26-0-0-2),于2023年在广州、佛山两地开展田间试验,探究含镁氮肥替代传统复合肥对菜心生长及生产效益的影响。试验设置5个处理:不施氮肥对照(CK)、单施尿素(T1)、农户习惯处理(T2,15-15-15-0复合肥)、含镁氮肥(26-0-0-2)50%替代复合肥(T3)、含镁氮肥(26-0-0-2)100%替代复合肥(T4)处理,统一控制氮肥投入量为180 kg N/hm2,系统测定苗期及成熟期菜心的农艺性状、产量、品质、养分吸收及养分吸收与利用效率。结果表明:在苗期,T3和T4处理均显著提高了菜心生物量、叶面积、叶片SPAD值和茎粗,促进菜心早期壮苗。在成熟期,T3处理增产效果最为显著,在广州和佛山两地试验中,产量较T1处理平均提高38.1%,较T2处理提升18.6%。施用氮镁协同肥料(T3、T4)后,菜心氮和镁含量显著提升,与T1、T2相比,磷和钾含量有所降低。此外,施用氮镁协同肥料的处理(T3、T4)可显著改善菜心品质,T3处理可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和维生素C含量相较于T2处理平均分别增加17.7%、21.4%和28.5%,较T4处理分别平均提高了9.1%、5.5%和8.1%。综合来看,含镁氮肥部分替代复合肥能够有效促进菜心苗期生长、显著提高产量、明显改善品质,并提升养分吸收和利用效率,其中50%替代农户习惯复合肥的效果最佳。因此,在菜心生产中,将部分复合肥替换为含镁氮肥,既能降低氮肥投入、提高氮肥利用效率、改善镁元素不足状况,又能提升菜心品质,为华南地区菜心高产、优质、绿色生产提供了科学施肥方案与技术支撑。

关键词: 氮镁协同, 含镁氮肥, 菜心, 产量, 养分吸收, 品质

Abstract:

Flowering Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. utilis) is the most widely cultivated specialty vegetable in southern China. Currently, excessive nitrogen (N) fertilizer application and insufficient magnesium (Mg) is serious obstacle to the green and efficient production of flowering Chinese cabbage. This study designed a nitrogen-magnesium synergistic fertilizer product and conducted field trials in 2023 on the use of magnesium-containing nitrogen fertilizers as a substitute for compound fertilizers. The following treatments were set up: no N fertilizer control (CK), urea alone (T1), farmers' customary treatment (T2, 15-15-15-0 compound fertilizer), N and Mg synergistic fertilizer (26-0-0-2) replacing 50% of the farmers' customary compound fertilizer (T3), and replacing 100% of the farmers' customary compound fertilizer (T4). The differences in agronomic traits, yield, quality, nutrient absorption, and utilization efficiency of flowering Chinese cabbage during the seedling and maturity stages were investigated. The results showed that during the seedling stage, both T3 and T4 treatments significantly increased the biomass, leaf area, SPAD value, and stem thickness of flowering Chinese cabbage, promoting early seedling growth. During the mature stage, T3 treatment had the most significant effect on increasing yield. In trials conducted in Guangzhou and Foshan, T3 treatment increased yield by an average of 38.1% compared to T1 treatment and by 18.6% compared to T2 treatment. After applying N-Mg synergistic fertilizers (T3, T4), the N and Mg content of flowering Chinese cabbage significantly increased, while the phosphorus and potassium content decreased compared with T1 and T2. In addition, the application of N-Mg synergistic fertilizer (T3, T4) significantly improved the quality of flowering Chinese cabbage. Compared with the T2 treatment, the T3 treatment increased the soluble sugar, soluble protein, and vitamin C content by 17.7%, 21.4%, and 28.5%, respectively, on average. Compared with the T4 treatment, the T3 treatment increased the soluble sugar, soluble protein, and vitamin C content by 9.1%, 5.5%, and 8.1%, respectively, on average. Overall, partially replacing compound fertilizer with Mg-containing N fertilizer can effectively promote the growth of flowering Chinese cabbage seedlings, significantly increase yield, markedly improve quality, and enhance nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency. Among which, replacing 50% of farmers' customary compound fertilizer yields the best results. Thus, in flowering Chinese cabbage production, replacing part of the compound fertilizer with Mg-containing N fertilizer can reduce N fertilizer input, improve N fertilizer utilization efficiency, alleviate Mg deficiency, and enhance quality, ultimately achieving the goal of high-yield, high-quality, and green vegetable production.

Key words: N and Mg synergism, Mg-containing N fertilizer, flowering Chinese cabbage, yield, nutrient uptake, quality