2个杏栽培品种需冷量差异的分子机制探索

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0893

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 33-41.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0893

2个杏栽培品种需冷量差异的分子机制探索

刘佳¹(), 黄大荣², 尧美英³, 刘硕⁴, 张玉萍⁴, 张国薇¹()

¹ 四川省农业科学院园艺研究所，成都 610000
² 四川省茂县科学技术和农业畜牧局，四川茂县 623200
³ 四川省攀枝花市农林科学研究院，四川攀枝花 617061
⁴ 辽宁省果树科学研究所，辽宁熊岳 115009

收稿日期:2023-12-26 修回日期:2024-11-06 出版日期:2025-01-01 发布日期:2025-01-01
通讯作者:
张国薇，女，1988年出生，成都人，高级农艺师，硕士研究生，研究方向：李、杏新品种选育及高效栽培技术。通信地址：610066 四川省成都市锦江区静居寺路20号四川省农业科学院园艺研究所，Tel：028-84511911，E-mail：715776075@qq.com。
作者简介:
刘佳，女，1983年出生，重庆人，副研究员，博士研究生，研究方向：李、杏新品种选育及高效栽培技术。通信地址：610066 四川省成都市锦江区静居寺路20号四川省农业科学院园艺研究所，Tel：028-84511911，E-mail：672497068@qq.com。
基金资助:
辽宁省新品种示范及轻剪栽培技术研发项目“新品种示范及轻简栽培技术研发”(2023JH1/10200005); 四川省农业科学院科技成果中试熟化与示范转化工程项目(ZSSH_2024); 四川省农业科学院与阿坝州院州合作项目“李子优质高效技术集成与推广”(YZHZ_2024); 德阳市旌阳区农业农村领域重点研发项目(ZDYF_2024); 四川省农业科学院人才基金项目“杏品种低温需冷量研究”(2020RCJJ)

Investigation of Molecular Mechanism of Different Chilling Requirements Between Two Apricot Cultivars

LIU Jia¹(), HUANG Darong², YAO Meiying³, LIU Shuo⁴, ZHANG Yuping⁴, ZHANG Guowei¹()

¹ Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066
² Science &Technology, Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau of Maoxian County, Maoxian, Sichuan 623200
³ Panzhihua Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Panzhihua, Sichuan 617061
⁴ Liaoning Institute of Pomology, Xiongyue, Liaoning 115009

Received:2023-12-26 Revised:2024-11-06 Published:2025-01-01 Online:2025-01-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究探讨杏树发芽过程中对低温积累的需求，分析全球变暖导致的暖冬现象对杏产量的影响。以中国南方优质杏品种‘海棠红’及其芽变变种‘早艳’为研究对象，通过4℃处理550 h的转录组学分析，鉴定出3124个差异表达基因(DEGs)，其中多与植物激素和蛋白质去磷酸化有关。通过观察低温处理下2个品种的枝条颜色发现，对低温需求量越低，品种耐寒性越强。研究表明，‘早艳’相较于‘海棠红’具有更低的低温需求，2个品种对低温需求量的差异可能与植物激素水平、转录后修饰有关。同时，2个品种表现出的可变剪切差异也可能与它们需冷量之间的差异有关。研究结果可为缓解气候变暖对杏产量的影响提供参考。

关键词: 杏, 全球变暖, 低温需求, 转录组测序, 植物激素, 转录后调控, 耐寒性, 差异表达基因, 蛋白质去磷酸化, 可变剪切

Abstract:

This study explores the demand for low temperature accumulation during the germination process of apricot trees and analyzes the impact of warm winter phenomena caused by global warming on apricot yield. In this study, using the high-quality apricot variety ‘Haitanghong’ and its bud variant ‘Zaoyan’ from southern China as experimental materials, through transcriptomic analysis of 550 hours of treatment at 4℃, 3124 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and many were associated with plant hormones and protein dephosphorylation. By observing the branch color of the two varieties under low-temperature treatments, we found that the cultivar with the lower chilling requirement was more tolerant to cold. These results suggest that compared to ‘Haitanghong’, ‘Zaoyan’ has a lower low-temperature requirement, and the difference in chilling requirements between the two varieties may be related to plant hormones and post-transcriptional modification. And the reason for these differences of alternative splicing may be associated with the varied chilling requirement in the two cultivars. These results can provide a reference for mitigating the decrease of apricot yield under climate warming.

Key words: apricot, global warming, chilling requirement, transcriptome sequencing, plant hormone, post-transcriptional regulation, cold tolerance, differentially expressed genes (DEGs), protein dephosphorylation, alternative splicing

刘佳, 黄大荣, 尧美英, 刘硕, 张玉萍, 张国薇. 2个杏栽培品种需冷量差异的分子机制探索[J]. 中国农学通报, 2025, 41(1): 33-41.

LIU Jia, HUANG Darong, YAO Meiying, LIU Shuo, ZHANG Yuping, ZHANG Guowei. Investigation of Molecular Mechanism of Different Chilling Requirements Between Two Apricot Cultivars[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(1): 33-41.

图/表 10

参考文献 69

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目	科	属	种	NCBI号
十字花目(Brassicales)	十字花科(Brassicaceae)	拟南芥属(Arabidopsis)	拟南芥(A. thaliana)	GCF_000001735.4
蔷薇目(Rosales)	蔷薇科(Rosaceae)	蔷薇属(Rosa)	月季(R. chinensis)	GCF_002994745.2
蔷薇目(Rosales)	蔷薇科(Rosaceae)	苹果属(Malus)	苹果(M. domestica)	GCF_002114115.1
蔷薇目(Rosales)	蔷薇科(Rosaceae)	李属(Prunus)	甜樱桃(P. avium)	GCF_002207925.1
蔷薇目(Rosales)	蔷薇科(Rosaceae)	李属(Prunus)	梅花(P. mume)	GCF_000346735.1
蔷薇目(Rosales)	蔷薇科(Rosaceae)	李属(Prunus)	杏(P. armeniaca)	GCF_000002035.6
蔷薇目(Rosales)	蔷薇科(Rosaceae)	李属(Prunus)	‘海棠红’	试验获取
蔷薇目(Rosales)	蔷薇科(Rosaceae)	李属(Prunus)	‘早艳’	试验获取

目	科	属	种	NCBI号
十字花目(Brassicales)	十字花科(Brassicaceae)	拟南芥属(Arabidopsis)	拟南芥(A. thaliana)	GCF_000001735.4
蔷薇目(Rosales)	蔷薇科(Rosaceae)	蔷薇属(Rosa)	月季(R. chinensis)	GCF_002994745.2
蔷薇目(Rosales)	蔷薇科(Rosaceae)	苹果属(Malus)	苹果(M. domestica)	GCF_002114115.1
蔷薇目(Rosales)	蔷薇科(Rosaceae)	李属(Prunus)	甜樱桃(P. avium)	GCF_002207925.1
蔷薇目(Rosales)	蔷薇科(Rosaceae)	李属(Prunus)	梅花(P. mume)	GCF_000346735.1
蔷薇目(Rosales)	蔷薇科(Rosaceae)	李属(Prunus)	杏(P. armeniaca)	GCF_000002035.6
蔷薇目(Rosales)	蔷薇科(Rosaceae)	李属(Prunus)	‘海棠红’	试验获取
蔷薇目(Rosales)	蔷薇科(Rosaceae)	李属(Prunus)	‘早艳’	试验获取

品种	450 h	500 h	55 h	600 h	650 h	700 h	750 h	800 h	850 h	900 h	950 h	1000 h
海棠红	16.3	28.4	36.5	52.1	61.8	72.4	66.2	79	79.8	74.6	78.3	62.1
早艳	20.4	40.1	55.7	71.2	68.1	79.5	70.3	83.2	85.6	87.1	90.1	88.4

品种	450 h	500 h	55 h	600 h	650 h	700 h	750 h	800 h	850 h	900 h	950 h	1000 h
海棠红	16.3	28.4	36.5	52.1	61.8	72.4	66.2	79	79.8	74.6	78.3	62.1
早艳	20.4	40.1	55.7	71.2	68.1	79.5	70.3	83.2	85.6	87.1	90.1	88.4

样本	原始数据	高质量序列	高质量序列比值/%	高质量序列Q₂₀/%	高质量序列Q₃₀/%	GC含量/%
CK-1	40648572	40287032	99.11	97.22	92.91	46.55
CK-2	38173746	37808236	99.04	97.17	92.77	46.95
CK-3	41197938	40877864	99.22	97.18	92.81	46.88
CT-1	41419916	41091104	99.21	97.36	93.2	45.71
CT-2	40640516	40255906	99.05	97.19	92.78	45.58
CT-3	40091644	39681756	98.98	97.47	93.34	46.08

2个杏栽培品种需冷量差异的分子机制探索

Investigation of Molecular Mechanism of Different Chilling Requirements Between Two Apricot Cultivars

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样本	高质量序列	匹配序列		特异匹配序列		未匹配序列
样本	高质量序列	序列数	百分比/%	序列数	百分比/%	序列数	百分比/%
CK-1	40287032	37335146	92.67	35405770	87.88	2951886	7.33
CK-2	37808236	34819110	92.09	33131620	87.63	2989126	7.91
CK-3	40877864	37609952	92.01	35819288	87.63	3267912	7.99
CT-1	41091104	39424324	95.94	37714540	91.78	1666780	4.06
CT-2	40255906	37564490	93.31	35904926	89.19	2691416	6.69
CT-3	39681756	37504956	94.51	35719604	90.02	2176800	5.49

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