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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 25-32.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0521

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于壤土含水量的南疆“干播湿出”棉田出苗水调控研究

李星星1(), 阿布都艾尼·阿布都维力1, 周仑1, 马辉1(), 欧欢1, 艾麦尔江·阿布力提甫1, 田立文2, 刘燕1, 罗单1, 阿孜古丽·阿布力孜1   

  1. 1 新疆维吾尔自治区阿克苏地区农业技术推广中心，新疆阿克苏 843000
    2 新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所，乌鲁木齐 830091
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-06 修回日期:2024-10-15 出版日期:2025-01-01 发布日期:2025-01-01
  • 通讯作者:
    马辉，女，1979年出生，新疆昌吉人，正高级农艺师，主要从事棉花新品种、新技术的试验、示范、推广。通信地址：843000 阿克苏市柯柯牙北路3号 阿克苏地区农业技术推广中心，Tel：0997-2136513，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    李星星，女，1993年出生，河南民权人，农艺师，硕士，主要从事农作物新产品、新技术的研究与示范推广服务。通信地址：843000 阿克苏市柯柯牙北路3号 阿克苏地区农业技术推广中心，Tel：0997-2136513，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金地州科学基金项目“基于典型质地土壤含水量的南疆棉田‘干播湿出’出苗水调控”(2023D01F33)

Study on Control of Emergence Water in Cotton Field of ‘Dry Sowing and Wet Emergence’ in Southern Xinjiang Based on Soil Moisture Content of Loam Soil

LI Xingxing1(), ABUDUAINI Abuduweili1, ZHOU Lun1, MA Hui1(), OU Huan1, AIMAIERJIANG Abulitifu1, TIAN Liwen2, LIU Yan1, LUO Dan1, AZIGULI Abulizi1   

  1. 1 Aksu Area Agricultural Technology Promotion Center, Aksu, Xinjiang 843000
    2 Institute of Cash Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091
  • Received:2024-08-06 Revised:2024-10-15 Published:2025-01-01 Online:2025-01-01

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摘要：

通过分析新疆南疆壤土条件下不同土壤含水量的棉田“干播湿出”滴施不同频率出苗水，对棉田出苗率、农艺性状和根系分布的影响，探索壤土条件下“干播湿出”适宜出苗水频率，为新疆南疆棉花“一播全苗”提供理论支撑。以陆地棉‘J8031’为供试材料，在土壤含水量10%~15%、15%~20%、20%~25%条件下，分别设置滴1、2、3次出苗水。结果显示，随着滴出苗水频率的增加，土壤紧实度下降，土壤EC值逐渐降低，同一土壤深度下种穴的土壤EC值小于膜边位置，同一种穴或膜边位置下土壤深度5 cm土壤EC值小于10 cm处；出苗率表现为滴2次出苗水时最大，滴1次出苗水时最小，且有“断头苗”和“卡脖子苗”现象出现；株高、茎粗、地上干物质积累量均表现为随着出苗水频率的增加呈逐渐增加趋势；高频率出苗水与根系生长发育有密切关系，出苗水滴水频率的增加和侧根系的向水特性，使根重密度、根长密度、根表面积、根体积逐渐增加，但根直径在滴3次出苗水时最小。分析结果表明，壤土条件下，在土壤含水量10%~15%、15%~20%、20%~25%时，棉花“干播湿出”滴2次出苗水可以满足棉种萌发、出苗，且在苗期农艺性状和根部形态表现较好。

关键词: 南疆, 棉花, 土壤含水量, 干播湿出, 出苗水, 苗期, 壤土

Abstract:

By analyzing the effects of different frequencies of drip irrigation on the emergence rate, agronomic shape and root distribution of cotton fields with different soil water contents under loamy soil conditions in southern Xinjiang, the suitable frequency of emergence water for ‘dry sowing and wet emergence’ under loamy soil conditions was explored, which provided theoretical support for ‘one sowing and whole seedling’ of cotton in southern Xinjiang. Taking upland cotton ‘J8031’ as the test material, under the condition of soil moisture content of 10%-15%, 15%-20% and 20%-25%, the seedling emergence water was set up for 1, 2 and 3 times, respectively. With the increase of drip irrigation frequency, the soil compaction decreased, and the soil EC value decreased gradually. The soil EC value of the same soil depth was less than that of the film edge, and the soil EC value of 5 cm soil depth was less than that of 10 cm under the same hole or film edge position. The emergence rate was the highest when the seedling water was dripped twice, and the lowest when the seedling water was dripped once, and the phenomenon of ‘decapitated seedling’ and ‘stuck neck’ appeared. With the increase of water frequency, plant height, stem diameter and aboveground dry matter accumulation showed a gradually increasing trend. The high frequency of seedling water was closely related to root growth and development. The increase of the frequency of seedling water dripping and the water-oriented characteristics of the lateral root system gradually increased the root weight density, root length density, root surface area and root volume, but the root diameter was the smallest when the seedling water was dripped three times. Under loam soil conditions, when the soil water content was 10%-15%, 15%-20%, and 20%-25%, the emergence water for ‘dry sowing and wet emergence’ dripped twice could meet the germination and emergence of cotton seeds, and the agronomic traits and root morphology were better at the seedling stage.

Key words: South Xinjiang, cotton, soil moisture content, dry sowing and wet emergence, emergence water, seedling stage, loam