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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (27): 1-6.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1019

• 农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

水分与秸秆处理对玉米苗期素质及产量的影响

赵爱连1(), 范合琴2, 杨豫龙3, 温涛3,4, 刘天学4, 赵霞3(), 岳艳军5()   

  1. 1 河南省宝丰县农业发展中心，河南宝丰 467400
    2 焦作市土壤肥料工作站，河南焦作 454150
    3 河南省农业科学院 粮食作物研究所/河南省玉米绿色精准生产国际联合实验室，郑州 450002
    4 河南农业大学农学院，郑州 450002
    5 心连心化学工业集团股份有限公司，河南新乡 453000
  • 收稿日期:2022-12-08 修回日期:2024-01-15 出版日期:2024-09-25 发布日期:2024-09-24
  • 通讯作者:
    赵霞，女，1973年出生，河南郑州人，研究员，博士，主要从事玉米生理生态及品种精准评价研究。通信地址：450000 河南省郑州市金水区花园路116号，Tel：0371-65711021，E-mail：。
    岳艳军，男，1975年出生，高级农艺师，硕士，主要从事新型肥料研发及技术推广。通信地址：453731 河南新乡市高新技术开发区心连心大道7号门，Tel：15837373031，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    赵爱连，女，1969年出生，河南宝丰人，高级农艺师，主要从事技术推广与农作物品种试验示范。通信地址：467400 河南省平顶山市宝丰县科技路，Tel：0375-6522671，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划任务“高淀粉玉米全链条技术模式构建应用”(2022YFD2300805); 河南省科技攻关项目“基于无人机多源影像的玉米群体株高监测研究”(32102520005); 河南省农业科学院基础性科研项目“玉米种质资源鉴定与评价”(2023JC09); 河南省引智项目“玉米绿色精准生产研究”(2023)

Effects of Water and Straw Treatment on Seedling Quality and Yield of Maize

ZHAO Ailian1(), FAN Heqin2, YANG Yulong3, WEN Tao3,4, LIU Tianxue4, ZHAO Xia3(), YUE Yanjun5()   

  1. 1 Baofeng County Agricultural Development Center, Baofeng, Henan 467400
    2 Jiaozuo Soil Fertilizer Station, Jiaozuo, Henan 454150
    3 Cereal Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Henan International Joint Laboratory on Maize Precision Production, Zhengzhou 450002
    4 College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002
    5 Henan Xinlianxin Chemical Industry Group Co., LTD, Xinxiang, Henan 453000
  • Received:2022-12-08 Revised:2024-01-15 Published:2024-09-25 Online:2024-09-24

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摘要：

为了缓解因气候变化产生的播种期干旱对夏玉米幼苗发育的不利影响，以‘郑单958’为试验材料，在河南省许昌市灌溉试验站，采用不同底墒条件和麦茬处理方式，研究不同处理组合对播种层土壤水分和玉米苗期生长发育的差异。结果表明：土壤含水量随着土层的变深而增大，表现为偏湿平茬>正常平茬>偏湿除茬>偏干平茬>正常除茬>偏干除茬。SPAD值、光合速率及产量变化趋势一致，均表现为正常平茬>偏湿平茬>偏湿除茬>正常除茬>偏干平茬>偏干除茬。因此，平茬相比除茬可以更好地改善土壤水分环境，提高玉米的出苗率、光合速率和产量，可以在生产中进行广泛推广应用。

关键词: 玉米, 麦茬处理方式, 土壤水分, 干旱, 玉米苗期, 光合速率, 产量

Abstract:

In order to mitigate the adverse effects of drought on the development of summer maize seedlings caused by climate change, using ‘Zhengdan 958’ as experimental material, the effects of different treatment combinations on soil moisture and growth of maize seedling were studied. The results showed that the soil moisture content increased with the depth of the soil layer, and the pattern was moist soil, wheat straw returning to the field>normal moisture content, wheat straw returning to the field>moist soil, wheat straw not returning to the field>dry soil, wheat straw returning to the field>normal moisture content, wheat straw not returning to the field>dry soil, wheat straw not returning to the field. SPAD value, photosynthetic rate and yield showed the same trend, normal moisture content, wheat straw returning to the field>moist soil, wheat straw returning to the field>moist soil, wheat straw not returning to the field>normal moisture content, wheat straw not returning to the field>dry soil, wheat straw returning to the field>dry soil, wheat straw not returning to the field. Therefore, compared with the removal of stubble, plain stubble can better improve the soil water environment, increase the emergence rate and photosynthetic rate of maize, and increase the yield, which can be widely applied in production.

Key words: corn, treatment of wheat stubble, soil moisture content, drought, corn seedling stage, photosynthetic rate, yield