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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (14): 63-68.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0888

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

新型肥料轻简化施用对水稻产量、效益和氮肥效率的影响

张敏1(), 王孟兰1(), 苏舜1, 宁运旺2   

  1. 1 南京市江宁区农业农村局， 南京 211103
    2 江苏省农业科学院， 南京 210014
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-14 修回日期:2026-05-14 出版日期:2026-07-25 发布日期:2026-07-24
  • 通讯作者:
    王孟兰，女，1989年出生，山东东营人，高级农艺师，硕士，主要从事土壤肥料与农业资源保护技术推广。通信地址：211103 江苏省南京市江宁区万安西路，Tel：025-68173932，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    张敏，男，1984年出生，江苏南京人，高级农艺师，本科，主要从事土壤肥料与农业资源保护技术推广工作。通信地址：211103 江苏省南京市江宁区万安西路，Tel：025-68173985，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    江苏省农业科技自主创新项目“基于稻麦秸秆还田的高质量耕播与地力提升关键技术研究”(CX(24)2007)

Effects of Simplified Application of New Fertilizers on Rice Yield, Profits and Nitrogen Fertilizer Efficiency

ZHANG Min1(), WANG Menglan1(), SU Shun1, NING Yunwang2   

  1. 1 Nanjing Jiangning District Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, Nanjing 211103
    2 Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014
  • Received:2025-10-14 Revised:2026-05-14 Published:2026-07-25 Online:2026-07-24

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摘要：

“一基一追”是近年来被广泛推广的一种水稻轻简施肥技术。本研究通过田间试验，探究了基肥品种选择对该技术效果的影响。试验设置无肥和习惯施肥作为对照，选取了普通高氮复合肥、腐殖酸复合肥、生物炭基复合肥、稳定性复合肥、聚氨酯包膜掺混肥、脲醛复合肥等6种肥料进行对比。结果表明：在施氮量减少45 kg N/hm2 (15%)条件下，采用各类新型肥料实施“一基一追”轻简施肥技术均获得了较好效果，其中以腐殖酸复合肥的效果最好。与习惯施肥比较，采用腐殖酸复合肥进行“一基一追”轻简施肥，水稻产量增加16.1%，植株吸氮量提高17.0%，氮肥当季利用率增加59.5%，氮素盈余减少70.5 kg N/hm2，种植效益增加1348.5元/hm2。研究结果可为水稻“一基一追”轻简施肥技术的推广提供参考。

关键词: 水稻, 一基一追, 新型肥料, 轻简施肥

Abstract:

“One Base and One Topdressing” is a simplified rice fertilization technique widely promoted in recent years. Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of base fertilizer variety selection on its technical performance. Using no fertilizer and conventional fertilization as controls, six types of base fertilizers, including ordinary high-nitrogen compound fertilizer, humic acid compound fertilizer, biochar-based compound fertilizer, stable compound fertilizer, polyurethane-coated blended fertilizer and urea-formaldehyde compound fertilizer, were tested in the field. The results showed that under reduced nitrogen application by 45 kg N/hm2 (15%), various new fertilizers under the “One Base and One Topdressing” system achieved good technical outcomes, with humic acid compound fertilizer performing the best. Compared to conventional fertilization, using humic acid compound fertilizer under the simplified system increased rice yield by 16.1%, plant nitrogen uptake by 17.0%, nitrogen use efficiency by 59.5%, reduced nitrogen surplus by 70.5 kg N/hm2, and boosted planting benefits by 1348.5 yuan/hm2. These findings provide a reference for promoting the “One Base and One Topdressing” simplified fertilization technique for rice.

Key words: rice, “One Base and One Topdressing”, new fertilizers, light and simple fertilization

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