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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (11): 74-83.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-1004

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于蚯蚓引入的城市绿地土壤生态修复路径——以广州市为例

吴家龙1(), 李铤1, 崔诚1, 张俊涛1, 黄英梅1, 许昌超1, 苏杨1, 唐娇华1, 杨晓1, 张孟豪2   

  1. 1 广州市林业和园林科学研究院/广州市生态园林科技协同创新中心/广东广州城市生态系统国家定位观测研究站， 广州 510405
    2 华南农业大学资源环境学院， 广州 510642
  • 收稿日期:2025-12-18 修回日期:2026-04-30 出版日期:2026-06-12 发布日期:2026-06-12
  • 作者简介:

    吴家龙，男，1989年出生，河南驻马店人，高级工程师，博士研究生，研究方向：城市绿地土壤修复。通信地址：510405 广东省广州市白云区广园中路428号，Tel：020-36501672，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    广州市科技计划项目“广州市生态园林科技协同创新中心”(202206010058); 华南植物资源研发中心技术推广平台科技创新专项“城市森林生物多样性提升技术研究与示范应用”。

Pathways of Soil Ecological Restoration in Urban Green Spaces Based on Earthworm Introduction:A Case Study of Guangzhou

WU Jialong1(), LI Ting1, CUI Cheng1, ZHANG Juntao1, HUANG Yingmei1, XU Changchao1, SU Yang1, TANG Jiaohua1, YANG Xiao1, ZHANG Menghao2   

  1. 1 Guangzhou Institute of Forestry and Landscape Architecture/ Guangzhou Collaborative Innovation Center on Science-tech of Ecology and Landscape/ Guangzhou Urban Ecosystem National Positioning Observation and Research Station of Guangdong, Guangzhou 510405
    2 College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642
  • Received:2025-12-18 Revised:2026-04-30 Published:2026-06-12 Online:2026-06-12

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摘要：

快速城市化导致绿地土壤出现压实板结、有机质匮乏、酸碱失衡及生物多样性衰退等系统性退化问题，严重制约其生态服务功能。传统的绿地土壤修复措施成本高、可持续性差，亟须探索基于自然的生态修复路径。本研究以广州市为例，结合实地调查数据和地方标准《园林种植土DB4401/T 36—2019》的对比分析，结果发现：广州市绿地土壤质量普遍未达标准，全市土壤平均值为pH 6.99，变化范围为pH 3.16~10.29，24.7%的土壤高于pH 7.5，土壤低于pH 5.5的土壤占比2.63%。土壤容重平均值为1.41 g/cm3，容重大于1.25 g/cm3的样点占比51.3%，土壤有机质平均含量仅为15.1 g/kg，低于标准限值的样点占比63.1%，土壤水解性氮、有效磷和速效钾含量低于限值的样点占比分别为33.9%、12.8%和9.13%，普遍存在土壤压实和酸碱失衡等问题。归纳梳理了蚯蚓作为“土壤生态系统工程师”在改善土壤物理结构、调控养分循环、构建生物网络及净化污染物等方面的多重功能；并从资源条件、经济成本、政策环境、市场需求及生态风险等多维度综合评价其应用的可行性。认为蚯蚓引入是一种高效、低成本的基于自然的解决方案(Nature-based Solutions, NbS)途径，适用于城市绿地土壤生态修复。文章提出基于蚯蚓资源调查、本地物种繁育、科学引入以及配套监测评估与适应化管理等环节的绿地土壤生态修复实施路径，以期为城市生态系统服务能力提升提供参考。

关键词: 城市绿地, 土壤, 生态修复, 蚯蚓引入, 基于自然的解决方案

Abstract:

Rapid urbanization has led to systematic degradation of urban green space soil, such as soil compaction, soil organic matter deficiency, soil acid-base imbalance‌, and soil biodiversity decline, which severely constrain the ecological service functions of these soils. Traditional restoration measures of urban green space soil are characterized by high costs and poor sustainability, necessitating the exploration of ecological remediation pathways based on nature. This study took Guangzhou as an example, conducted a comparative analysis of on-site investigation data and the local standard “DB4401/T 36—2019 for Garden Planting Soil”. The results showed that the soil quality of green spaces in Guangzhou generally failed to meet the standards. The average pH of the soil was pH 6.99, with a range of pH 3.16 to pH 10.29. 24.7% of the soil had a pH value above 7.5, and 2.63% of the soil had a pH value below 5.5. The average soil bulk density was 1.41 g/cm3, and the proportion of sample points with bulk density greater than 1.25 was 51.3%. The average soil organic matter content was only 15.1 g/kg, and the proportion of soil sample points below the standard limit was 63.1%. The proportion of soil sample points with soil hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium content below the standard limit was 33.9%, 12.8% and 9.13% respectively. Soil compaction and acid-base imbalance were common problems. The multiple functions of earthworms as “soil ecosystem engineers” in improving soil physical structure, regulating nutrient cycling, constructing biological networks and purifying pollutants were summarized and sorted out, and the feasibility of their application was comprehensively evaluated from multiple dimensions such as resource conditions, economic costs, policy environment, market demand and ecological risks. It was considered that introduction of earthworm was an efficient and low-cost nature-based solutions (NbS) approach, which was suitable for soil ecological restoration of urban green space. This paper proposed an implementation pathway for ecological restoration of green space soils based on earthworm resource surveys, breeding of native species, scientific introduction, and supporting monitoring, evaluation, and adaptive management, aiming to provide a reference for enhancing the service capacity of urban ecosystems.

Key words: urban green space, soil, ecological restoration, earthworm introduction, nature-based solutions (NbS)

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