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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (16): 20-24.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0507

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

蔬菜秸秆发酵循环再用育苗基质对番茄幼苗生长的影响

田素波1,2(), 国艳春1(), 宋玉晓3, 李传兴4, 王鲲霆1, 李英杰1, 国家进5, 林桂玉6, 丁俊洋6, 张敬敏6, 胡永军7, 夏海波7   

  1. 1 山东省寿光蔬菜产业集团有限公司，山东潍坊 262700
    2 山东省设施蔬菜技术创新中心，山东潍坊 262700
    3 中国农业大学园艺学院，北京 100083
    4 寿光市蔬菜产业发展中心，山东潍坊 262700
    5 寿光市科学技术局，山东潍坊 262700
    6 潍坊科技学院，山东潍坊 262700
    7 全国蔬菜质量标准中心，山东潍坊 262700
  • 收稿日期:2022-06-27 修回日期:2022-12-09 出版日期:2023-06-05 发布日期:2023-05-22
  • 通讯作者: 国艳春，女，1995年出生，山东寿光人，农艺师，研究生，主要从事设施蔬菜栽培和推广。通信地址：262700 山东省寿光市洛城街道豪源路9号蔬菜大厦A座 山东省寿光蔬菜产业集团有限公司，Tel：0536-5208098，E-mail：1786200771@163.com。
  • 作者简介:

    田素波，男，1985年出生，山东济宁人，高级农艺师，研究生，主要从事设施蔬菜栽培技术研究和推广工作。通信地址：262700 山东省寿光市洛城街道豪源路9号蔬菜大厦A座 山东省寿光蔬菜产业集团有限公司，Tel：0536-5208098，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    2021年度山东省乡村振兴科技创新提振计划“设施蔬菜智慧生产与高值转化技术集成创新与示范”(2021TZXD007); 山东省蔬菜产业技术体系项目(SDAIT-05)

Effects of Vegetable Straw Fermentation and Recycling Seedling Substrate on the Growth of Tomato Seedlings

TIAN Subo1,2(), GUO Yanchun1(), SONG Yuxiao3, LI Chuanxing4, WANG Kunting1, LI Yingjie1, GUO Jiajin5, LIN Guiyu6, DING Junyang6, ZHANG Jingmin6, HU Yongjun7, XIA Haibo7   

  1. 1 Shandong Shouguang Vegetable Industry Group Co., Ltd., Weifang, Shandong 262700
    2 Shandong Facility Vegetable Technology Innovation Center, Weifang, Shandong 262700
    3 College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083
    4 Shouguang Vegetable Industry Development Center, Weifang, Shandong 262700
    5 Shouguang Bureau of Science and Technology, Weifang, Shandong 262700
    6 Weifang Institute of Science and Technology, Weifang, Shandong 262700
    7 National Vegetable Quality Standard Center, Weifang, Shandong 262700
  • Received:2022-06-27 Revised:2022-12-09 Online:2023-06-05 Published:2023-05-22

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摘要：

为研究蔬菜秸秆堆肥发酵后理化性质以及堆肥与蛭石复配形成育苗基质对番茄幼苗生长状况的影响，添加不同比例的芽孢杆菌和假单胞菌、放线菌、酵母菌、霉菌，与粉碎后的秸秆混合发酵，发酵过程中、完成后测定理化性质，选择最好的一个处理与不同比例的蛭石混合形成基质，测定番茄生长指标及根系抗氧化酶活性。结果显示，35%的芽孢杆菌和假单胞菌、35%放线菌、15%的酵母菌、15%的霉菌(T4)处理发酵过程中50℃以上的温度保持10 d以上，堆肥发酵后理化性质最好，C/N较初始状态下降了59.31%，容重较CK增加了71.43%，pH由酸性转变中性，适合幼苗生长。将T4处理的堆肥与不同比例的蛭石相结合培育番茄幼苗，番茄幼苗长势旺盛，根系抗氧化酶活性显著提高。因此蔬菜秸秆可代替草炭与蛭石复配形成基质。

关键词: 蔬菜秸秆, 发酵, 循环利用, 基质育苗, 番茄幼苗

Abstract:

To study the physicochemical properties of vegetable straw compost after fermentation and the effect of the compost combined with vermiculite on the growth of tomato seedlings, different proportions of Bacillus and Pseudomonas, actinomycetes, yeasts and molds were added to crushing straw for mixing and fermentation. The physicochemical properties were determined during and after the fermentation, the best treatment compost was selected and mixed with different proportions of vermiculite to form a matrix, and the tomato growth indexes and root antioxidant enzyme activities were determined. The results showed that after the fermentation by 35% of Bacillus and Pseudomonas, 35% of actinomycetes, 15% of yeast, and 15% of mold adding treatment (T4) with the temperature above 50℃ for more than 10 days, the physicochemical properties of the compost were the best. C/N decreased by 59.31% compared with the initial state, and the bulk density increased by 71.43% compared with CK. The pH value changed from acid to neutral, which was suitable for seedling growth. Combining T4 treatment compost with different proportions of vermiculite to cultivate tomato seedlings, the tomato seedlings grew vigorously, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in roots were significantly improved. Therefore, vegetable straw can replace peat to form a matrix with vermiculite.

Key words: vegetable straw, fermentation, recycling, substrate seedling, tomato seedlings