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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (10): 81-88.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0580

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

樱花早花品种‘飞寒樱’在北京地区的适应性评价

胡娜1(), 侯世星1(), 夏国栋1, 陈思2, 张继明1   

  1. 1 北京市玉渊潭公园管理处，北京 100142
    2 北京电子科技职业学院，北京 100176
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-10 修回日期:2025-02-20 出版日期:2025-04-05 发布日期:2025-04-03
  • 通讯作者:
    侯世星，男，1986年出生，河北人，正高级工程师，博士，研究方向：园林植物病虫害。通信地址：100142 北京市海淀区西三环中路10号 玉渊潭公园管理处，Tel：010-88653761，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    胡娜，女，1982年出生，北京人，高级工程师，硕士，研究方向：樱花引种繁育。通信地址：100142 北京市海淀区西三环中路10号 玉渊潭公园管理处，Tel：010-88653761，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    北京市公园管理中心“园林科技新星”项目“钟花樱品系引种研究”(ylkjxx2018008); 北京市玉渊潭公园管理处项目“华北、东北、华东及华中地区原生种樱花引种驯化研究”

Adaptability Evaluation of Early Blossom Cherry Cultivar Cerasus campanulata ‘Feihan’ in Beijing

HU Na1(), HOU Shixing1(), XIA Guodong1, CHEN Si2, ZHANG Jiming1   

  1. 1 The Administration of Yuyuantan Park, Beijing 100142
    2 Beijing Polytechnic University, Beijing 100176
  • Received:2024-09-10 Revised:2025-02-20 Published:2025-04-05 Online:2025-04-03

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摘要：

樱花早花品种‘飞寒樱’(Cerasus campanulata ‘Feihan’)为中国原生种钟花樱(Cerasus campanulata)品系樱花，该品种花期早、花色淡红，在长江流域及福建地区应用较多，北京地区未见引种记录。为了评价其在北京地区的适应性，2019—2023年在北京市玉渊潭公园樱珞花谷景区，从物候、生长表现、形态特征、田间适应性、温度抗逆性5个方面，以同时栽植的‘染井吉野’(Cerasus×yedoensis ‘Somei-yoshino’)为对照，对自安徽省滁州市全椒县引种的‘飞寒樱’苗木进行栽培试验。结果表明，相较于‘染井吉野’，北京地区‘飞寒樱’平均花芽萌动日序数、平均叶芽萌动日序数分别早9.6、6.4 d，花期持续时间长5.2 d，均存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。‘飞寒樱’年均枝条生长量、年均DH0.8增长量分别是‘染井吉野’的2.10、1.87倍，均存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。2个品种对于休眠期内的极端低温适应性较好，但在花芽发育期内，‘飞寒樱’受剧烈降温影响程度小。生长期内极端高温、极端降水对于2个品种的长势都存在一定影响，但‘飞寒樱’受影响程度小。温度抗逆性试验表明，‘飞寒樱’对于高温胁迫的适应性强于‘染井吉野’，低温胁迫下，2个品种的适应性差距较小。‘飞寒樱’可作为淡红色系早花品种在北京进行配植，丰富景观色彩构成。

关键词: ‘飞寒樱’, 物候, 生长表现, 形态特征, 田间适应性, 温度抗逆性

Abstract:

Due to red flowers and earlier florescence, as a native cherry blossom strain of Cerasus campanulate, ‘Feihan’ has been widely cultivated in the Yangtze River Basin and Fujian region, but no introduction has been recorded in Beijing. In order to evaluate its adaptability in Beijing, ‘Feihan’ from Quanjiao County Chuzhou City of Anhui Province was introduced and compared with simultaneously planted Cerasus×yedoensis ‘Somei-yoshino’ on phenophase, growth performance, morphological characteristics, field adaptability, and temperature stress resistance from 2019 to 2023, in Yingluo Garden of Yuyuantan Park in Beijing. The results showed that，the average day of the year of flower bud germination was 9.6 days earlier, the average day of the year of leaf bud germination was 6.4 days earlier, and the average full-flowering period was 5.2 days longer than that of ‘Somei-yoshino’, which were significant differences (P<0.05). The annual average branch growth and annual average DH0.8 growth were 2.10 and 1.87 times of that of ‘Somei-yoshino’, which were significant differences (P<0.05). The adaptability to extreme cold temperatures during plant dormancy period was well for both cultivars, but during flower bud development under cold spell in later spring, the effect of cold temperatures on ‘Feihan’ was less. The growth performance was affected by extreme high temperatures and extreme rainstorm during growth period for both cultivars, but the degree of influence on ‘Feihan’ was less than that on ‘Somei-yoshino’. The temperature stress resistance experiment showed that the adaptability of ‘Feihan’ under high temperature stress was stronger than that of ‘Somei-yoshino’, and the adaptability gap between two cultivars was small under low temperature stress. ‘Feihan’ can be used as an early blossom cherry cultivar in Beijing with red flowers to plant and enrich the landscape.

Key words: Cerasus campanulata ‘Feihan’, phenophase, growth performance, morphological characteristics, field adaptability, temperature stress resistance