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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (15): 51-58.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0502

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

苹果酸对工业大麻生长及光合作用的影响

罗燕1(), 刘晨1, 夏鑫1, 赵锴源2, 程霞1()   

  1. 1 昆明学院农学与生命科学学院,昆明 650214
    2 云南大学资源植物研究院,昆明 650500
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-31 修回日期:2024-10-15 出版日期:2025-05-25 发布日期:2025-05-29
  • 通讯作者:
    程霞,女,1979年出生,河南许昌人,副教授,博士,主要从事工业大麻高产栽培和抗逆性研究。通信地址:650214 云南省昆明市昆明经济技术开发区浦新路2号 昆明学院洋浦校区,Tel:15887848809,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    罗燕,女,2000年出生,云南南华人,研究生,主要从事工业大麻高产栽培研究。通信地址:650214 云南省昆明市昆明经济技术开发区浦新路2号 昆明学院洋浦校区,Tel:15758537465,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    云南省大学生创新训练项目“氮肥形态对铜污染下工业大麻生长及铜吸收富集的影响”(S202311393076); “苹果酸对工业大麻生长和生理影响的探究”(S202311393089); “氮钾互作对工业大麻生长及生理的影响”(202411393009); 云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目“工业大麻耐低钾候选基因ZEP的克隆及功能验证”(2023Y0878)

Effect of Malic Acid on the Growth and Photosynthesis of Industrial Hemp

LUO Yan1(), LIU Chen1, XIA Xin1, ZHAO Kaiyuan2, CHENG Xia1()   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming 650214
    2 Institute of Resource Botany, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500
  • Received:2024-07-31 Revised:2024-10-15 Published:2025-05-25 Online:2025-05-29

摘要:

本研究旨在探索工业大麻增产的绿色环保方法,以‘云麻7号’为研究材料,筛选最适苹果酸浓度及最佳施用方式,为实现多种栽培措施相结合的增产模式提供理论依据。通过采用滤纸培养法研究不同浓度苹果酸(0、1000、2000、3000、4000 mg/L)对工业大麻种子萌发的影响;通过盆栽法分析上述不同浓度苹果酸及施用方式(浇施、喷施)对工业大麻生长特性及光合作用的影响。种子萌发研究表明,2000 mg/L苹果酸处理显著提高种子发芽率,较对照增加20.46%;1000 mg/L苹果酸处理下芽长和根长达到最大。盆栽试验显示,浇施2000 mg/L苹果酸处理效果最优,株高、茎粗、根长分别较对照提高45.62%、14.55%和88.12%,且净光合速率和气孔导度最大,胞间CO2浓度最低;喷施处理则以3000 mg/L效果最佳,其株高、茎粗、根长增幅达47%、16.64%和80.74%,净光合速率和气孔导度显著高于其他处理,胞间CO2浓度最低。综上,适宜浓度的苹果酸处理可有效促进工业大麻生长,实现增产效果。在实际生产中,建议采用2000 mg/L苹果酸浇施并结合其他栽培措施,以实现高效环保增产。

关键词: 工业大麻, 苹果酸, 施用方式, 种子萌发, 生长影响, 光合作用

Abstract:

To explore environmentally sustainable methods for enhancing industrial hemp yield, this study used 'Yunma 7' as the material to screen the most suitable malic acid concentration and the best application method, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the realization of the yield increase mode combining multiple cultivation measures. Seed germination was evaluated under five malic acid concentrations (0, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 mg/L) using filter paper culture, while pot experiments assessed plant growth and photosynthetic characteristics under two application methods(soil irrigation and foliar spraying). Germination tests demonstrated that 2000 mg/L malic acid significantly increased germination rate by 20.46% compared to the control, while 1000 mg/L treatment resulted in maximum shoot and root length. Pot experiments revealed that soil irrigation with 2000 mg/L malic acid produced optimal growth performance, increasing plant height, stem diameter, and root length by 45.62%, 14.55%, and 88.12%, respectively, with concurrently highest net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance, and lowest intercellular CO2 concentration. Foliar spraying with 3000 mg/L malic acid showed superior effects, enhancing plant height, stem diameter, and root length by 47.00%, 16.64%, and 80.74%, respectively, while significantly improving net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance and reducing intercellular CO2 concentration compared to other treatments. These results indicate that appropriate malic acid application can effectively promote hemp growth and yield. For practical production, we recommend soil irrigation with 2000 mg/L malic acid combined with integrated cultivation practices to achieve sustainable yield improvement.

Key words: industrial hemp, malic acid, method of application, seed germination, growth effects, photosynthesis