单氰胺对油㮈提早成花及花芽中碳水化合物和脯氨酸的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0685

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究单氰胺促进油㮈提早成花最佳施用浓度以及对花芽中营养物质含量的影响，选取5年生古田油㮈为试验材料，以清水处理为对照，研究单氰胺浓度1%(T₁)、0.63%(T₂)、0.42%(T₃)的处理对油㮈成花及成花过程花芽中淀粉、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸等营养物质含量的影响。结果表明，3种浓度单氰胺处理均对油㮈提早成花有积极作用，其中T₁处理效果最优，可使植株比对照提早21 d以上进入盛花期。单氰胺处理显著增加了花芽中淀粉、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸等营养物质含量，其中淀粉含量在T₁、T₂处理后第10天时达到峰值，在T₃处理后第17天时达到峰值，各峰值分别比对照显著增加了37.23%、30.40%和10.50%；可溶性糖含量在3~31 d内均保持较高水平，其中T₁处理后花芽中可溶性糖含量在第10天达到所有处理中的最大值，为2.81 mg/(g·FW)，显著高于对照和其他浓度处理(P<0.05)；可溶性蛋白含量于第31天时达到最大值，除T₂处理在第10天与对照无显著差异外，其余处理都显著高于对照；脯氨酸含量在萌芽期均呈持续快速上升的变化趋势，并于处理后38 d处于较高水平，分别为262.22、214.81和203.30 μg/mL，且显著高于对照处理。研究认为，单氰胺可促进花芽中淀粉、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸等营养物质大量积累，为花芽代谢活动和花器官发育提供了营养和物质基础，浓度为1%单氰胺处理促进油㮈提早成花的效果最优。

关键词: 油㮈, 花芽, 单氰胺, 提早成花, 碳水化合物, 淀粉, 可溶性糖, 可溶性蛋白, 脯氨酸

Abstract:

The aim was to explore the optimal application concentration of cyanamide to promote early flowering and its effect on nutrient content in flower buds of Prunus salicina var. cordata. Taking 5-year-old P. salicina var. cordata as the test variety, and the water treatment was used as the control. The effects of three cyanamide concentrations [1% (T₁), 0.63% (T₂) and 0.42% (T₃)] on the contents of starch, soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline in the flower bud of P. salicina var. cordata during flowering and flowering process were studied. The results showed that the three concentrations of cyanamide treatment had positive effects on promoting the early flowering of P. salicina var. cordata flower buds, and the effect of T₁ treatment was the best, which could make the plants enter the full flowering stage more than 21 days earlier than the control. The treatment of cyanamide significantly increased the contents of starch, soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline in flower buds. The starch content reached the peak on the 10^th day after treatment with T₁ and T₂, and reached the peak on the 17^th day after treatment with T₃. The peaks were significantly increased by 37.23%, 30.40% and 10.50%, respectively, compared with the control. The content of soluble sugar maintained a high level in 3-31 d. The soluble sugar content of flower buds treated with T₁ reached the maximum value of 2.81 mg/(g·FW) on the 10^th day, which was significantly higher than that of the control and other concentrations (P<0.05). The soluble protein content reached the maximum on the 31^th day, except that the concentration of T₂ treatment had no significant difference with the control on the 10^th day, the other treatments were significantly higher than the control. The content of proline showed a trend of continuous and rapid increase in the germination stage, and was at a high level on the 38^th day after treatment, which was 262.22, 214.81 and 203.30 μg/mL, respectively, and was significantly higher than the control. The concentration of 1% treatment of cyanamide had the best effect on promoting early flowering of P. salicina var. cordata. Cyanamide can promote the accumulation of nutrients such as starch, soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline in flower buds, which provides an important nutritional and material basis for flower bud metabolic activities and flower organ development.

Key words: Prunus salicina var. cordata, flower buds, cyanamide, flowering early, carbohydrates, starch, soluble sugar, soluble protein, proline

刘添锋, 廖汝玉, 刘智成, 蒋春艳, 蔡建荣, 赖丽婷, 丘启松. 单氰胺对油㮈提早成花及花芽中碳水化合物和脯氨酸的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2025, 41(15): 59-64.

LIU Tianfeng, LIAO Ruyu, LIU Zhicheng, JIANG Chunyan, CAI Jianrong, LAI Liting, QIU Qisong. Effects of Cyanamide on Early Flowering and Carbohydrates and Proline in Flower Buds of Prunus salicina var. cordata[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(15): 59-64.

图/表 6

参考文献 35

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处理	38 d	45 d	52 d	59 d	66 d	73 d
T₀(CK)	0.00	0.00	0.00	2.86	47.14	99.43
T₁	2.57	53.14	98.57
T₂	0.86	41.43	92.86
T₃	0.00	8.57	73.14	99.02

处理	38 d	45 d	52 d	59 d	66 d	73 d
T₀(CK)	0.00	0.00	0.00	2.86	47.14	99.43
T₁	2.57	53.14	98.57
T₂	0.86	41.43	92.86
T₃	0.00	8.57	73.14	99.02

处理	3 d	10 d	17 d	24 d	31 d	38 d
T₀(CK)	51.54±4.858c	73.41±4.259c	79.72±6.716b	75.34±11.431a	95.85±4.208a	76.64±3.073a
T₁	97.42±3.813a	100.74±2.882a	75.24±1.716b	76.34±3.997a	64.69±2.201bc	56.84±4.059b
T₂	84.14±7.157ab	95.73±1.716ab	76.75±0.539b	73.89±6.363a	59.75±1.166c	49.53±4.868bc
T₃	80.42±4.192b	85.14±3.985b	88.09±1.730a	70.70±5.120a	72.84±1.874b	42.78±3.520c

处理	3 d	10 d	17 d	24 d	31 d	38 d
T₀(CK)	51.54±4.858c	73.41±4.259c	79.72±6.716b	75.34±11.431a	95.85±4.208a	76.64±3.073a
T₁	97.42±3.813a	100.74±2.882a	75.24±1.716b	76.34±3.997a	64.69±2.201bc	56.84±4.059b
T₂	84.14±7.157ab	95.73±1.716ab	76.75±0.539b	73.89±6.363a	59.75±1.166c	49.53±4.868bc
T₃	80.42±4.192b	85.14±3.985b	88.09±1.730a	70.70±5.120a	72.84±1.874b	42.78±3.520c

处理	3 d	10 d	17 d	24 d	31 d	38 d
T₀(CK)	1.92±0.694a	1.86±0.032c	1.78±0.254c	1.61±0.128c	1.58±0.412b	1.47±0.980a
T₁	2.47±0.322a	2.81±0.568a	2.40±0.364ab	2.15±0.294b	2.39±0.343a	1.78±0.390a
T₂	2.28±0.577a	2.41±0.381b	2.62±0.548a	2.31±0.446ab	2.14±0.085a	1.72±0.242a
T₃	2.09±0.490a	2.26±0.205bc	2.14±0.279bc	2.58±0.342a	2.71±0.548a	1.52±0.327a