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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (13): 13-18.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0674

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

生物炭与尿素配施对旱地紫色土土壤养分、呼吸和油菜产量的影响

田效琴1,2,3(), 李卓1,2,3,4(), 刘永红5   

  1. 1 四川省农业科学院作物研究所，成都 610066
    2 南方丘区节水农业研究四川省重点实验室，成都 610066
    3 粮油作物绿色种质创新与遗传改良四川省重点实验室，成都 610066
    4 成都农业科技中心，成都 610095
    5 四川省农业科学院，成都 610066
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-08 修回日期:2025-03-18 出版日期:2025-05-05 发布日期:2025-05-07
  • 通讯作者:
    李卓，男，1979年出生，山西吕梁人，副研究员，博士，主要从事作物高效用水与农业资源环境研究。通信地址：610066 四川省成都市锦江区外东狮子山路4号 四川省农业科学院作物研究所，Tel：028-84504230，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    田效琴，女，1989年出生，湖北荆州人，助理研究员，博士，主要从事作物栽培和农业资源环境研究。通信地址：610066 四川省成都市锦江区外东狮子山路4号 四川省农业科学院作物研究所，Tel：028-84504230，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    四川省自然科学基金项目“西南旱地‘新两熟’区土壤碳排放对有机无机肥配施的响应”(2024NSFSC0344); 基金培育项目“油菜膜侧集雨抑蒸种植土壤微生物群落结构和功能特征”(JJPY2302); 省财政自主创新专项“主要粮油作物Cd吸收积累规律及消减途径”(2022ZZCX008); 国家重点研发计划项目“丘陵夏玉米农机农艺融合关键技术创新与集成”(2023YFD2301902-2); 国家成都农业科技中心地方财政专项“丘区（简阳）粮油全程机械化生产关键核心技术攻关”(NASC2024KY05); 国家成都农业科技中心地方财政专项“邛崃市粮油高质高效生产关键技术攻关”(NASC2024KY06); 1+9揭榜挂帅项目“绿色丰产突破性栽培技术”(1+9KJGG010)

Effects of Combined Application of Biochar and Urea on Soil Nutrient, Respiration and Rape Yield in Dryland Purple Soil

TIAN Xiaoqin1,2,3(), LI Zhuo1,2,3,4(), LIU Yonghong5   

  1. 1 Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066
    2 Provincial Key Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture in Hill Areas of South China, Chengdu 610066
    3 Environment-friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610066
    4 Chengdu Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu 610095
    5 Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066
  • Received:2024-11-08 Revised:2025-03-18 Published:2025-05-05 Online:2025-05-07

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摘要： 探究生物炭与不同尿素配施对西南旱地紫色土的养分含量、土壤呼吸和油菜产量的影响，初步明确生物炭在不同尿素上的作用效果，为生物炭和尿素在该区合理配施提供理论依据。以旱地紫色土为研究对象，设置普通尿素(UR)、缓释尿素(RU)和60%普通尿素+40%缓释尿素(40%RU)3种尿素种类，分别添加质量分数0%(C0)和2%(C1)的生物炭，通过233 d温室油菜盆栽试验，测定土壤养分、土壤呼吸及油菜产量指标。结果表明，生物炭与尿素配施可显著改善土壤的养分状况，40%RUC1处理效果最佳，40%RUC1处理的有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮分别较40%RUC0显著提高了9.31 g/kg、0.08 g/kg、0.19 g/kg、4.43 mg/kg。与尿素相比，生物炭是影响土壤呼吸的主效应，添加生物炭后，3种尿素处理下的各生育期土壤碳通量均有所增加，RU处理增加幅度最小，而40%RU处理全生育期的平均土壤碳通量最小。40%RU和UR处理与生物炭配施均有利于油菜有效角果数、每角粒数、千粒重和产量的增加，且以40%RUC1处理产量及产量因素最高，而生物炭与RU配施处理油菜产量因素及产量较RU处理均有所降低。从改善土壤养分状况、减少碳排放和促进油菜增产3个方面综合考虑，2%生物炭与40%RU配施可在西南旱地紫色土油菜栽培中大面积推广应用。

关键词: 生物炭, 氮肥, 土壤养分, 土壤呼吸, 油菜, 产量, 土壤碳排放, 旱地, 紫色土

Abstract:

In order to preliminarily clarify the application effects of biochar and different urea, providing theoretical basis for the rational application of biochar and urea in purple soil in southwestern arid areas, this paper explores the effects of biochar combined with different urea on soil nutrient, soil respiration, and rapeseed yield. Taking purple soil in arid land as the research object, three kinds of urea, including common urea (UR), slow release urea (RU) and 60% common urea+40% slow release urea (40% RU) were set, and biochar with mass fraction of 0% (C0) and 2% (C1) was added in each pot respectively. The soil nutrient content, soil respiration and rape yield were measured after 233 days. The results indicated that soils nutrient status was significantly improved by the addition of biochar on different urea, with the best treatment being 40% RUC1. Compared with 40%RUC0, the organic matter content, total N, K and alkeline-N in 40%RUC1 were significantly increased by 9.31 g/kg, 0.08 g/kg, 0.19 g/kg and 4.43 mg/kg respectively. Compared with urea, biochar was the main effect factor of soil respiration. After adding biochar under the three urea treatments, the soil carbon flux was increased in each growth period, and the increase of RU was the smallest, while the average soil carbon flux during the growing period of 40%RU was lowest. The number of effective pods, number of grains per pod, thousand-seed weight and yield were increased under the combination of biochar with UR and 40%RU, and 40%RUC1 was the best treatment, while the yield factors and yield of rapeseed under the combination of biochar with RU treatment were decreased compared to RU treatment. Considering the improvement of soil nutrient status, reduction of carbon emissions and promotion of rapeseed yield, 2% biochar with 40%RU are suitable for large-scale application in rapeseed cultivation for purple soil in southwest dryland.

Key words: biochar, nitrogen fertilizer, soil nutrients, soil respiration, rape, yield, soil carbon emissions, dry land, purple soil