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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (15): 37-44.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0591

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

24个早熟甘蓝型油菜农艺性状及生理特性比较

徐玉梅(), 严薇, 赵宸伟, 彭多姿, 王悦, 张振乾()   

  1. 湖南农业大学农学院，长沙 410128
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-13 修回日期:2025-04-13 出版日期:2025-05-25 发布日期:2025-05-29
  • 通讯作者:
    张振乾，男，1977年出生，河南南阳人，副教授，博士，主要从事油菜育种研究。通信地址：410128 湖南省长沙市芙蓉区农大路1号 湖南农业大学，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    徐玉梅，女，2002年出生，四川达州人，硕士研究生，主要从事油菜育种研究。通信地址：410128 湖南省长沙市芙蓉区农大路1号 湖南农业大学，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    湖南省自科基金“早熟油菜关键基因BnaILR挖掘与功能研究”(2025JJ50128)

Comparison of Agronomic and Physiological Characteristics of 24 Early-Maturing Brassica napus Varieties

XU Yumei(), YAN Wei, ZHAO Chenwei, PENG Duozi, WANG Yue, ZHANG Zhenqian()   

  1. College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128
  • Received:2024-09-13 Revised:2025-04-13 Published:2025-05-25 Online:2025-05-29

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摘要： 为推动油菜产业发展，提高植物油供给安全保障水平，本研究通过系统筛选抗性强的早熟甘蓝型油菜品种。对24个早熟油菜品种（系）的幼苗期、5~6叶期、7~8叶期、蕾薹期及收获期的生理特性与农艺性状进行动态监测，旨在解析早熟性状与生理特性的关联机制。结果表明：（1）农艺性状方面，‘帆鸣油薹’冬前苗期各农艺性状与其他早熟油菜差距较小，且较亲本‘WH23’表现更优，长势良好。其株高比95%的参试材料高，每角果粒数高于83%的参试材料。（2）品质特性上，‘帆鸣油薹’菜籽含油量最高，硫甙含量较83%的参试材料低，兼具高油酸与低抗营养因子优势。（3）生育期特征显示，‘帆鸣油薹’抽薹时间和成熟时间较86%的参试材料早，具有显著早薹早熟特性。（4）生理特性分析表明，24个早熟品种在7~8叶期的CAT活性均呈下降趋势。叶片MDA含量在5~6叶期上升，7~8叶期下降，而‘帆鸣油薹’叶片中MDA含量整体变化较小；叶片POD活性不断增强，薹活性整体比叶片高；叶片SOD活性在7~8叶期呈下降趋势。综上，‘帆鸣油薹’集早薹、早熟、耐低温等特性于一体，各性状优良，可作为高产高油早熟育种材料。研究进一步揭示早薹特性与熟期之间存在着显著的关联性，并首次提出7~8叶期可能是早熟油菜生长发育的关键窗口期，为油菜早熟分子机制解析及品种选育提供了理论依据。

关键词: 甘蓝型油菜, 早薹, 早熟, ‘帆鸣油薹’, 7~8叶期, CAT, MDA, POD, SOD

Abstract:

The paper aims to promote the development of rapeseed industry and to increase the self-sufficiency rate of vegetable oil in China. Early-maturing oilseed rape varieties with excellent resistance were screened in this study, and physiological and agronomic traits of 24 early-maturing kale-type oilseed rape varieties (materials) were analyzed at the seedling stage, 5-6 leaf stage, 7-8 leaf stage, bud and shoot stage, and harvesting stage, to clarify the relationship between early-maturing traits and physiological traits. The results showed that the agronomic characteristics of ‘Fanming youtai’ in the pre-winter seedling stage had a smaller gap with other early-maturing rapeseed, which was better than that of the parent ‘WH23’, and had a good growth performance; the plant height was higher than that of 95% of the reference materials, and number of seeds per pods was higher than that of 83% of the reference materials; the rapeseed oil content was the highest, and the content of sulfur glycosides was lower than that of 83% of the reference materials; the time of shoot extraction and the time of maturity were earlier than that of 86% of the reference materials; and the oilseed rape oil content was the highest. The CAT activity of 24 early-maturing kale-type oilseed rape in the 7-8 leaf stage was on a decreasing trend; leaf MDA content increased in the 5-6 leaf stage and decreased in the 7-8 leaf stage, and the overall change of MDA content in the leaves of ‘Fanming youtai’ was small; leaf POD activity was continuously enhanced, and the activity of carex as a whole was higher than the leaf; leaf SOD activity increased in the 5-6 leaf stage and decreased in the 7-8 leaf stage. The leaf POD activity was growing, and the overall activity of carex was higher than that of leaves; the leaf SOD activity showed a decreasing trend in the 7-8 leaf stage. The early shoots, early maturity, and low-temperature tolerance of ‘Fanming youtai’, with excellent traits, can be used as high-yield and high oil early maturity breeding materials, and there is a significant correlation between the early shoots characteristics and maturity stage; 7-8 leaves may be the critical period for the growth and development of early maturing oilseed rape.

Key words: Brassica napus, early carex, early maturity, ‘Fanming youtai’, 7-8 leaf stage, catalase, malondialdehyde, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase