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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (15): 32-36.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0654

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

减施化肥、施用堆肥对宁夏半干旱地区马铃薯产量和品质的影响

周洋(), 杨永森, 丁月花   

  1. 同心县农业技术推广服务中心,宁夏吴忠 751300
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-16 修回日期:2025-03-12 出版日期:2025-05-25 发布日期:2025-05-29
  • 作者简介:

    周洋,男,1972年出生,宁夏吴忠人,高级农艺师,本科,主要从事作物高产栽培工作。通信地址:751300 宁夏吴忠市同心县农业农村局,E-mail:

Effects of Reducing Chemical Fertilizer and Applying Compost on Yield and Quality of Potato in Semi-arid Area of Ningxia

ZHOU Yang(), YANG Yongsen, DING Yuehua   

  1. Tongxin County Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Wuzhong, Ningxia 751300
  • Received:2024-10-16 Revised:2025-03-12 Published:2025-05-25 Online:2025-05-29

摘要: 为探究不同程度减施化肥对宁夏半干旱地区马铃薯产量和品质的影响,于2023年在宁夏吴忠市同心县预旺镇,以马铃薯‘青薯9号’为供试材料,采用单因素随机区组设计,设置6个化肥减施处理,分别为CK(单施化肥)、T1(化肥减施10%+堆肥30000 kg/hm2)、T2(化肥减施20%+堆肥30000 kg/hm2)、T3(化肥减施30%+堆肥30000 kg/hm2)、T4(化肥减施40%+堆肥30000 kg/hm2)、T5(堆肥30000 kg/hm2),对马铃薯进行测产考种并计算小区产量及品质。结果显示:T4处理产量显著高于其他处理,产量最高达30434.85 kg/hm2,较CK处理高106%;品质方面,随着化肥减施的增加,马铃薯淀粉、维生素C、可溶性糖含量总体呈先下降后上升再下降的趋势,其中T4处理品质最好,其淀粉、维生素C和可溶性糖含量分别为23.33 g/100 g、24.73 mg/100 g、1.00%。通过对产量和品质指标进行主成分分析,化肥减施40%的T4处理为最优处理。研究发现,在宁夏半干旱地区条件下,化肥减施40%并配施推肥能够达到高产优质的目标。研究以期为宁夏马铃薯科学施肥和高产优质生产提供理论依据和技术支撑。

关键词: 化肥, 堆肥, 马铃薯, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

To explore the effects of different degrees of fertilizer reduction and compost application on potato yield and quality in semi-arid areas of Ningxia, the potato cultivar ‘Qingshu 9’ was used as the test material, and a single factor randomized block design was used to set up six fertilizer reduction treatments, namely CK (single application of chemical fertilizer), T1 (chemical fertilizer reduction 10%+ composting 30000 kg/hm2), T2 (chemical fertilizer reduction 20%+ composting 30000 kg/hm2), T3 (chemical fertilizer reduction 30%+ composting 30000 kg/hm2), T4 (chemical fertilizer reduction 40%+ composting 30000 kg/hm2) and T5 (composting 30000 kg/hm2). The results showed that the yield of T4 treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments, and the highest yield was 30434.85 kg/hm2, which was 106% higher than that of CK treatment. In terms of quality, with the increase of chemical fertilizer reduction, the contents of potato starch, Vitamin C and soluble sugar decreased first, then increased and then decreased. Among them, the quality of T4 treatment was the best, and the contents of starch, Vitamin C and soluble sugar were 23.33 g/100 g, 24.73 mg/100 g and 1.00%, respectively. Through principal component analysis of yield and quality indicators, T4 treatment with 40% reduction of chemical fertilizer was the optimal treatment. Under the condition of semi-arid area in Ningxia, the goal of high yield and high quality can be achieved when the chemical fertilizer is reduced by 40%.

Key words: fertilizer, composting, potatoes, yield, quality