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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (33): 44-49.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0984

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

机采棉机采性状及品种筛选试验研究

郝亚明1(), 吴美欢1, 许浩翊2(), 高宇2, 温春1, 刘俊哲1, 陈禹3   

  1. 1 新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州气象局，新疆巴音郭楞 841000
    2 新疆石河子气象局，新疆石河子 832003
    3 新疆气象技术装备保障中心，乌鲁木齐 830000
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-23 修回日期:2023-03-15 出版日期:2023-11-25 发布日期:2023-11-22
  • 通讯作者: 许浩翊，男，1990年出生，新疆塔城人，工程师，本科，主要从事农田小气候研究。通信地址：832000新疆石河子气象局，Tel：0993-2015019，E-mail：zgl_6029@163.com。
  • 作者简介:

    郝亚明，男，1990年出生，湖北黄冈人，工程师，本科，主要从事农业气象及环境气候对棉花生长影响研究。通信地址：841000新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州气象局，Tel：0996-2227024，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发任务专项项目“机采棉机艺融合高效关键配套技术及产品研发”(2016B01001-2); 新疆生产建设兵团重点领域创新团队建设计划(2017CB011); 新疆气象科技创新发展基金指导性项目“南疆机采棉脱叶喷施关键期适宜气象指标研究”(MS202213)

The Machine-harvested Property and Variety Screening of Machine-harvested Cotton

HAO Yaming1(), WU Meihuan1, XU Haoyi2(), GAO Yu2, WEN Chun1, LIU Junzhe1, CHEN Yu3   

  1. 1 Meteorological Service of Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, Bayingolin, Xinjiang 841000
    2 Shihezi Meteorological Service, Xinjiang, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003
    3 Xinjiang Meteorological Technology and Equipment Support Center, Urumqi 830000
  • Received:2022-11-23 Revised:2023-03-15 Published-:2023-11-25 Online:2023-11-22

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摘要：

通过筛选鉴定早熟机采棉新的品系、品种，以确保机采棉花品质、产量稳定提高。2019、2020年在新疆生产建设兵团第七师农科所设定试验区，选择12个机采棉品种进行农艺性状对比试验。结果表明，‘石大棉268’、‘H1537’、‘金垦1861’和‘新石K33’生育期最短<120 d；第一果铃高度≥18.0 cm的有10个品种，吐絮期整齐度在2、3级。机采性状综合排名‘石大棉268’第一，子棉单产、皮棉单产、霜前皮棉单产均优于其他品种，与对照品种相比分别增加了7.2%、19.2%、25.1%，霜前花率达到99.2%；其次是‘新农早129’，子棉单产、皮棉单产、霜前皮棉分别比对照品种增产6.0%、14.7%、16.3%。‘石大棉268’、‘新农早129’两个品种的机采性状及棉花品质表现最佳，符合本研究区的机采要求。

关键词: 早熟机采棉, 品种筛选, 机采性状, 农艺性状

Abstract:

Through selecting and identifying new strains and varieties of early-maturing machine-picked cotton, the quality and yield of machine-picked cotton can be improved steadily. In 2019 and 2020, 12 machine-picked cotton varieties were selected to carry out the comparative experiment of agronomic characters in the experimental area set up by the Institute of Agricultural Sciences of 7th Division of The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. The results showed that the shortest growth period of ‘Shidamian268’, ‘H1537’, ‘Jinken1861’ and ‘XinshiK33’ was less than 120 days, and there were 10 varieties with the first boll height ≥18.0 cm, the uniformity of boll-opening period was 2 or 3 grades. ‘Shidamian268’ranked the first in comprehensive mechanical-harvested properties, and the yield of seed cotton, lint cotton and lint cotton before frost were all better than other varieties, which increased by 7.2%, 19.2% and 25.1% respectively compared with the control varieties. The next was ‘Xinnongzao129’, the yield of seed cotton, lint cotton and lint cotton before frost increased by 6.0%, 14.7% and 16.3% respectively compared with the control varieties. ‘Shidamian268’ and ‘Xinnongzao129’ had the best mechanical-harvested properties and cotton quality, which accorded with the requirements of this research area.

Key words: early matured machine-harvested cotton, variety screening, machine-harvested properties, agronomic characters