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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (33): 50-57.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1044

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

干旱地区藜麦的耐旱机理及种植适宜性研究——以甘肃省永昌县为例

张弢1,2(), 李岩瑛3, 张敏2, 董吉德4, 颜鹏程1, 毛竹馨2   

  1. 1 中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所/甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室/中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室，兰州 730020
    2 甘肃省永昌县气象局，甘肃永昌 737200
    3 甘肃省武威国家气候观象台，甘肃武威 733000
    4 甘肃省永昌县农业技术推广服务中心，甘肃永昌 737200
  • 收稿日期:2022-12-09 修回日期:2023-08-25 出版日期:2023-11-25 发布日期:2023-11-22
  • 作者简介:

    张弢，男，1971年出生，甘肃武威人，高级工程师，本科，主要从事应用气象方向研究工作。通信地址：737200 甘肃省永昌县气象局，Tel：0935-7522233，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所“干旱气象科学研究基金”(IMA202120)

Study on Drought Tolerance Mechanism and Planting Suitability of Quinoa in Arid Areas—Taking Yongchang as An Example

ZHANG Tao1,2(), LI Yanying3, ZHANG Min2, DONG Jide4, YAN Pengcheng1, MAO Zhuxin2   

  1. 1 Institute of Arid Meteorology， China Meteorological Administration/Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Disaster Reduction/Key Open Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Disaster Reduction，China Meteorological Administration, Lanzhou 730020
    2 Yongchang County Bureau of Meteorology, Yongchang, Gansu 737200
    3 Wuwei National Climate Observatory, Wuwei, Gansu 733000
    4 Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Yongchang County, Yongchang, Gansu 737200
  • Received:2022-12-09 Revised:2023-08-25 Published-:2023-11-25 Online:2023-11-22

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摘要：

为了研究藜麦耐旱机理、需水规律，以及在干旱地区种植的适宜性，以‘陇藜1号’为试验材料，通过大田试验和数理统计方法测得：藜麦全生育期天数为142 d，单产达2895.3 kg/hm2，藜麦籽粒与茎杆比为1:0.99，单次灌溉量为450 m3/hm2。结果表明：呈网状分布的发达根系、叶脉致密、角质层厚、茎杆粗壮、木质中空、表皮较厚、韧性很强、具有纤维状导管等生理结构特征使藜麦具有良好的耐旱特性。分枝期、现穗期、开花期分别是藜麦发育的关键阶段，也是需水的关键时期。综合地理、气候、土壤、灌溉等条件，藜麦在永昌表现出良好的适宜性。采用覆膜+膜下滴灌方式进行藜麦种植，具有节水、节本、抗旱、增效等多重效果，可以提高水分利用效率，适合在西北干旱地区进一步推广。

关键词: 藜麦, 干旱地区, 耐旱机理, 膜下滴灌, 适宜性

Abstract:

In order to study the mechanism of drought tolerance, water demand rule and the suitability of planting in arid areas of quinoa, ‘Longli no.1’ was used as the test material. The data were measured by field tests and mathematical statistics methods. The total growth period of quinoa was 142 d, the yield per unit area was 2895.3 kg/hm2, the ratio of quinoa grain to stem was 1:0.99, and the single irrigation amount was 450 m3/hm2. The results showed that the developed root system with a network distribution, dense leaf vein, thick cuticle and stem rods, hollow wood, thick epidermis, strong toughness, fibrous catheter and other physiological structure characteristics made quinoa have good drought resistance characteristics. Branches stage, heading stage and flowering stage were the key stages of quinoa development, and they were also the key periods of water demand. The geography, climate, soil, irrigation and other conditions showed that quinoa had good suitability in Yongchang. Quinoa planting by film mulching + membrane drip irrigation had multiple effects such as water saving, cost saving, drought resistance and efficiency increasing, which could improve water utilization efficiency, and was suitable for further promotion in arid areas in northwest China.

Key words: quinoa, drought areas, drought tolerance mechanism, membrane drip irrigation, suitability