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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (12): 28-34.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0474

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

采薹对甘蓝型油菜农艺性状和经济效益的影响

赵佳男(), 曹小东, 尚丽平, 同晓丽, 李保军, 赵亚军, 罗斌, 王灏()   

  1. 陕西省杂交油菜研究中心，陕西杨凌 712100
  • 收稿日期:2022-06-14 修回日期:2022-08-15 出版日期:2023-04-25 发布日期:2023-04-21
  • 通讯作者: 王灏，男，1968年出生，研究员，本科，学士，主要从事油菜生物技术研究工作。通信地址：712100 杨凌示范区高干渠路西段6号，Tel：029-68259001，E-mail：wangzy846@souhu.com。
  • 作者简介:

    赵佳男，女，1994年出生，内蒙古乌兰察布人，研究实习员，硕士研究生，主要从事油菜生物技术研究。通信地址：712100 杨凌示范区高干渠路西段6号，Tel：029-68259001，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    陕西省重点产业链项目“绿色高效多功能油菜品种培育与开发利用”(2020ZDLNY04-03); “油菜抗倒抗根肿病及氮营养高效种质资源挖掘与创新”(2020ZDLNY04-01); 陕西省农业协同创新与推广联盟项目“抗旱寒甘蓝型油菜品种选育与高效栽培技术研究集成及推广”(LMZD202204); 陕西省重点研发计划项目“油菜种业创新工程”(2020LLRH-07-03); “高产优质抗根肿病油菜种质资源创制”(2022NY-159)

Effects of Picking Flowering Stalk on Agronomic Traits and Economic Benefits of Brassica napus L.

ZHAO Jianan(), CAO Xiaodong, SHANG Liping, TONG Xiaoli, LI Baojun, ZHAO Yajun, LUO Bin, WANG Hao()   

  1. Hybrid Brassica napus Seed Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100
  • Received:2022-06-14 Revised:2022-08-15 Online:2023-04-25 Published:2023-04-21

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摘要：

为了提高油菜应用价值，探索油菜多功能利用新思路。选择农艺性状优异的甘蓝型油菜G1为父本，G2为母本，构建289个双单倍体(DH)纯系，对其菜薹产量、植株性状、菜籽产量、生物学产量与经济效益进行考察评估，筛选菜薹产量高，不影响菜籽产量且经济效益高的“油薹两用”油菜品系。结果表明：分枝高度(BH)、一次有效分枝数(NFB)与菜籽产量呈负相关关系；与对照相比，采摘菜薹降低了株高(PH)、分枝高度和一次有效分枝数，差异达到显著水平；DH群体中，菜薹产量与菜籽产量呈负相关关系；摘薹后菜籽产量比未摘薹平均减少19.24%，但总产值比未摘薹平均增加48.87%，其中筛选出48份材料菜籽产量（产量变化范围在-10%~10%）不受摘薹影响，63份材料摘薹后菜籽产量增加，增产幅度>10%，增产效果明显。30份材料菜籽产量超过3000 kg/hm2。综合以上指标，本试验共筛选出21份菜薹与菜籽产量均达到长江流域油菜区产量要求且效益好的“油薹两用”材料，为兼用型油菜的选育及推广提供理论指导和科学依据。

关键词: 双单倍体群体, 菜薹, 油蔬两用, 农艺性状, 菜籽产量

Abstract:

In order to improve the application value of Brassica napus, the multifunctional utilization of Brassica napus was explored. In this experiment, we selected Brassica napus G1 with excellent agronomic characters as the male parent and G2 as the female parent to construct 289 double haploid (DH) pure lines. We investigated and evaluated the flowering stalk yield, plant characters, seed yield, biological yield and economic benefits of the lines. And then we screened “rapeseed oil-vegetable dual-purpose” Brassica napus lines with high flowering stalk yield, no impact on Brassica napus seed yield and high economic benefits. The results showed that the branch height (BH) and the first branch number (NFB) were negatively correlated with Brassica napusseed yield. Compared with the control, picking flowering stalk reduced plant height (PH), BH and NFB, and the difference reached a significant level; in DH population, there was a negative correlation between Brassica napus seed yield and flowering stalk yield. After picking flowering stalk, the Brassica napus seed yield decreased by 19.24% on average compared with that without picking, but the total output value increased by 48.87% on average. Among the materials, the Brassica napus seed yield of 48 selected materials (with a yield variation range of -10%-10%) was not affected by picking flowering stalk, while that of 63 selected materials increased by more than 10% after picking. Brassica napus seed yield of 30 materials exceeded 3000 kg/hm2. Based on the above indicators, 21 “rapeseed oil-vegetable dual-purpose” materials with good yield and economic benefit were selected in this experiment, whose yield of flowering stalk and rapeseed both met the yield requirements of the Brassica napus seed region in the Yangtze River basin. The study can provide theoretical guidance and scientific basis for the breeding and promotion of dual-purpose rapeseed.

Key words: double haploid population, flowering stalk, rapeseed oil-vegetable dual-purpose, agronomic character, Brassica napus seed yield