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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (25): 134-142.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0216

所属专题： 生物技术； 油料作物

• 畜牧·动物医学·蚕·蜂 • 上一篇    下一篇

6个双低油菜品系饲用性能比较及农艺性状、营养成分动态变化

王红林1, 左艳春1, 严旭1, 周晓康1, 寇晶1, 邓武明2(), 肖蔹3, 宋稀2, 代兵兵2, 余青青2, 杜周和1()   

  1. 1四川省农业科学院蚕业研究所，四川南充 637000
    2南充市农业科学院，四川南充 637000
    3南充市农业农村局，四川南充 637000
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-30 修回日期:2022-05-17 出版日期:2022-09-05 发布日期:2022-08-26
  • 通讯作者: 邓武明,杜周和
  • 基金资助:
    南充市研发资金项目“饲用油菜新品种筛选及青贮加工关键技术研究”(21YFZJ0090);现代农业学科建设推进工程项目“新型高蛋白饲料资源开发利用关键技术研究与示范”(2021XKJS096);财政部和农业农村部“国家现代农业产业技术体系资助”(CARS-12)

Comparison of Feeding Performance and Dynamic Changes of Agronomic Characters and Nutritional Components of Six Double-low Rape Lines

WANG Honglin1, ZUO Yanchun1, YAN Xu1, ZHOU Xiaokang1, KOU Jing1, DENG Wuming2(), XIAO Lian3, SONG Xi2, DAI Bingbing2, YU Qingqing2, DU Zhouhe1()   

  1. 1Sericultural Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000
    2Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000
    3Nanchong City Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000
  • Received:2022-03-30 Revised:2022-05-17 Online:2022-09-05 Published:2022-08-26
  • Contact: DENG Wuming,DU Zhouhe

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摘要：

为筛选适宜川东北地区种植的饲用油菜新品种，以6个双低油菜新品系为试验材料，对不同刈割时期的生物产量、植物学特性、营养成分，及油菜农艺性状与营养品质动态变化进行测定，并对饲用价值进行评价。结果表明：（1）初花期进行第1次刈割，各品系具较好再生性，整个生长季可实现2次刈割，刈割间隔为35~37天;2次刈割时鲜草产量分别为43.24~50.89、13.94~20.03 t/hm2，年鲜草产量为57.40~70.46 t/hm2，年干草产量为6.11~7.28 t/hm2，其中，‘中绵油783’鲜草产量最高，为70.46 t/hm2，显著高于(P<0.05)其他参试品系。（2）初次刈割时各品系农艺性状存在显著差异，‘南油714’株高显著高于(P<0.05)其他品系，达162.11 cm;‘中绵油783’叶片数最多，为19.11片;‘南油658’茎叶比最低，为0.91。（3）第1次刈割时‘南油12’粗蛋白含量为15.64%，显著高于(P<0.05)其他参试品系;‘中绵油783’中性洗涤纤维最低，‘13杂768’酸性洗涤纤维最低，分别为25.65%和20.80%。（4）随着生育期的推进，各品系株高逐渐增高，进入结荚后期株高不再变化;叶片数呈现先增加后减少的趋势，初花期叶片数最多;干物质含量、茎叶比随生育期推进而持续升高。（5）各品系粗蛋白含量随着生育期的推进整体呈降低趋势，初花期最高，为12.87%~15.64%;中性洗涤纤维与酸性洗涤纤维含量变化趋势一致，大部分随生育期的推进而升高;粗灰分含量均随着生育期的推进而降低;粗脂肪大部分呈先升高后降低的趋势，盛花期最高。各品系第1茬饲草相对饲喂价值为231.20~262.47，‘中绵油783’与‘13杂768’差异不显著，但两者显著高于(P<0.05)其他品系。‘中绵油783’在试验地综合性能表现最优，可在相似生态区推广利用。

关键词: 双低油菜, 农艺性状, 生物产量, 营养品质, 动态变化, 相对饲喂价值

Abstract:

The paper aims to select new forage rape varieties suitable for planting in northeast Sichuan. Six new double-low rape lines were used as experimental materials. The biological yield, botanical characteristics, nutritional components, dynamic changes of agronomic characters and nutritional quality during cutting were recorded, and their feeding value was evaluated. The results are as follows. (1) The lines regenerated during cutting at the early flowering stage, and they could be cut twice in the whole growing season, with a cutting interval of 35-37 days. The fresh grass yield was 43.24-50.89 and 13.94-20.03 t/hm2 respectively for the two cutting, the annual fresh grass yield was 57.40-70.46 t/hm2, and the annual hay yield was 6.11-7.28 t/hm2. Among the rape lines, the fresh grass yield of ‘Zhongmianyou 783’ was the highest, which was 70.46 t/hm2 and significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of other test lines. (2) Different rape lines showed significantly different agronomic characters at the first cutting. The plant height of ‘Nanyou 714’ was the highest, up to 162.11 cm; ‘Zhongmianyou 783’ had the largest number of leaves (19.11), and the stem leaf ratio of ‘Nanyou 658 ‘was the lowest, which was 0.91. (3) The crude protein content of ‘Nanyou 12’ was 15.64% at the first cutting, which was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of other test lines, neutral detergent fiber of ‘Zhongmianyou 783’ was the lowest (25.65%), and acid detergent fiber of ‘13Za768’ was the lowest (20.80%). (4) With the advance of the growth period, the plant height of each line increased gradually, and the plant height did not change in the late pod setting stage. The number of leaves increased first and then decreased, and the number of leaves was the most at the initial flowering stage. The dry matter content and stem leaf ratio increased continuously with the advance of the growth period. (5) The crude protein content of each line decreased with the advance of the growth period, and was the highest at initial flowering stage, which was 12.87%-15.64%. The change trend of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were the same, and most of them increased with the advance of the growth period. The content of crude ash decreased with the advance of the growth period. Most of the crude fat increased first and then decreased, and reached the highest at full flowering stage. The feeding value of the first cutting of each rape line was 231.20-262.47, and there was no significant difference (P<0.05) between ‘Zhongmianyou 783’ and ‘13Za768’, but the feeding value of the two lines was significantly higher than (P<0.05) that of other lines. ‘Zhongmianyou 783’ has the best comprehensive performance in the test site and can be popularized and utilized in similar ecological areas.

Key words: double-low rape (forage rape), agronomic characters, biological yield, nutritional quality, dynamic change, relative feeding value

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