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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (23): 39-44.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0666

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

137Cs-γ辐照对澳洲坚果种子萌发与穗条生长的影响

谭秋锦(), 周春衡, 环秀菊, 许鹏(), 钟剑章, 何铣扬, 黄锡云, 杨小州, 梁瑛   

  1. 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所，广西龙州 532400
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-18 修回日期:2024-01-15 出版日期:2024-08-09 发布日期:2024-08-09
  • 通讯作者:
    许鹏，男，1988年出生，吉林人，农艺师，研究方向：特色果树栽培。通信地址：532415 广西龙州县彬桥乡南亚社区，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    谭秋锦，女，1986年出生，广西灵山人，高级农艺师，硕士研究生，研究方向：特色果树选育与种质评价研究。通信地址：532415 广西龙州县彬桥乡南亚社区，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划“生态服务整体提升与乡村振兴融合模式”(2022YFF1300705); 广西农业科学院科技发展基金项目“澳洲坚果研究团队”(桂农科2021YT156); “澳洲坚果病害抗性相关基因MiSGT1s的克隆与功能验证”(桂农科2023YM42); “特色水果产业科技先锋队”(桂农科盟202404-08); 崇左市科技计划项目“基于SNP标记构建澳洲坚果核心种质库”(崇科2022QN1220)

Effect of 137Cs-γ Irradiation on Seed Germination and Scion Growth in Macadamia Nut

TAN Qiujin(), ZHOU Chunheng, HUAN Xiuju, XU Peng(), ZHONG Jianzhang, HE Xianyang, HUANG Xiyun, YANG Xiaozhou, LIANG Ying   

  1. Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute, Longzhou, Guangxi 532400
  • Received:2023-09-18 Revised:2024-01-15 Published:2024-08-09 Online:2024-08-09

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摘要：

本研究旨在探讨137Cs-γ射线对澳洲坚果种子和接穗的诱变效应。实验采用自主选育澳洲坚果品种‘桂热1号’，分别对其种子与穗条进行0~250 Gy和0~200 Gy剂量辐射处理，并分析其对种子发芽率、幼苗生长势及接穗成活率的影响。结果表明：（1）一定剂量范围内137Cs-γ射线对澳洲坚果种子发芽、成苗有极显著的抑制损伤作用。辐射剂量与发芽率一元线性回归方程为y=-2.5849x+231.14。计算出半致死剂量和临界剂量分别为101.895 Gy和127.744 Gy；（2）150 Gy剂量辐射对幼苗叶缘刺影响显著，比对照种苗叶缘刺减少。随着高剂量的137Cs-γ射线辐射，幼苗均表现出叶片变短变宽，株高变矮和茎干变细的表型；（3）澳洲坚果接穗经辐射后成活率下降，剂量超过100 Gy致使成活率下降为0。10~50 Gy剂量范围内，澳洲坚果穗条长势较好。综合表明，在137Cs-γ辐射诱变育种过程中，澳洲坚果种子的合适剂量范围为101.895~127.744 Gy，接穗的合适剂量范围为10~50 Gy。本研究为137Cs-γ辐照在澳洲坚果育种中的应用提供了重要的参考依据。

关键词: 137Cs-γ辐照, 澳洲坚果, 种子萌发, 幼苗生长, 穗条生长

Abstract:

In order to investigate the mutagenic effect of 137Cs-γirradiation on seeds and scions of macadamia nut. In this study, the seeds and scions form self-bred macadamia variety‘Guire No.1’were treated with 0-250 Gy and 0-200 Gy radiation doses, to analyze the radiation effects on the seed germination, seedling growth and scion survival rate, respectively. The results showed that: (1)137Cs-γhad a very significant inhibitory effect on germination and seedling formation of macadamia nut seeds within a certain dose range. The linear regression equation of radiation dose and germination rate was y=-2.5849x+231.14. The calculated semi-lethal dose and critical dose was 101.895 Gy and 127.744 Gy, respectively. (2) The effect of 150 Gy radiation on the leaf margin spines was significant, and there were fewer leaf margin spines than those of control. With a high dose of 137Cs-γradiation, the phenotypes of treated seedlings leaves became shorter and wider, the plant height became shorter, and the stems became thinner compared with control. (3) Radiation reduced the survival rate of macadamia nut scions, and doses of 100 Gy radiation treatment reduced the survival rate of seedlings to 0. Macadamia nut scions growth well under 10-50 Gy treatment. The results showed that the appropriate dose range of macadamia nut seed and scion were 101.895-127.744 Gy and 10-50 Gy during 137Cs-γradiation mutagenic breeding, respectively. This study provides a certain reference for the application of 137Cs-γ irradiation in the macadamia nut breeding program.

Key words: 137Cs-γ irradiation, macadamia nuts, seed germination, seedling growth, scion growth