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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (36): 13-18.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0080

所属专题： 玉米

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

盐碱土秸秆添加量对玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长特性的影响

时佳琦1,2(), 萨如拉1(), 令玉1, 萨茹拉其其格3, 范富1, 张雪婷1   

  1. 1内蒙古民族大学农学院,内蒙古通辽 028000
    2山西农业大学资源环境学院,山西晋中 030800
    3鄂尔多斯市林业和草原综合执法支队,内蒙古鄂尔多斯 017000
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-22 修回日期:2021-04-03 出版日期:2021-12-25 发布日期:2022-02-15
  • 通讯作者: 萨如拉
  • 作者简介:时佳琦,女,1997年出生,山东烟台人,本科生,研究方向：玉米高产高效栽培。通信地址：028000 内蒙古民族大学农学院,E-mail： s15048121055@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然基金项目“低温秸秆降解复合菌系作用机制与途径研究”(31960383);国家自然基金项目“西辽河流域玉米秸秆夹层改碱机理研究”(31760372);内蒙古自然基金面上项目“复合菌系8号高效降解冷凉地区玉米秸秆的作用机理研究”(2018MS03059)

Effects of Straw Addition in Saline-alkaline Soil on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth Characteristics of Maize

SHI Jiaqi1,2(), SA Rula1(), LING Yu1, SA Rulaqiqige3, FAN Fu1, ZHANG Xueting1   

  1. 1College of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia 028000
    2College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030800
    3Ordos Forestry and Grassland Comprehensive Law Enforcement Detachment, Ordos, Inner Mongolia 017000
  • Received:2021-01-22 Revised:2021-04-03 Online:2021-12-25 Published:2022-02-15
  • Contact: SA Rula

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摘要：

探索盐碱土中添加最佳玉米秸秆量,以‘农华101’玉米种子、收获期玉米秸秆和通辽地区典型的盐碱土为材料,用盐碱土:蒸馏水(1:5)的土壤浸出液制备0、30、40、50、60 g/L秸秆粉培养液,作为5个处理,水培玉米种子;培养期间测定培养液pH、电导率、微生物数量及玉米幼苗根系内生菌数量,统计种子发芽率,4叶期测定幼苗农艺性状及其叶片和根系生理特性指标。结果表明：盐碱土添加玉米秸秆降低pH,降低玉米种子发芽率,但极显著增加幼苗根长、根数和株高;其中40 g/L处理对根长、根数的增加幅度最大,0 g/L处理2叶期死亡。添加秸秆极显著增加盐碱土细菌数量,除了30 g/L处理,其余处理极显著增加真菌和放线菌数量。根内生真菌和放线菌各处理无显著差异,30 g/L与40 g/L根内生细菌数显著大于50 g/L与60 g/L处理。40 g/L处理叶片POD活性极显著大于50、60 g/L处理,分别是它们的2.22倍和3.15倍;叶片MDA含量排序为60 g/L>50 g/L>30 g/L>40 g/L,处理间差异极显著;叶片SOD活性和根系活力为40 g/L>50 g/L>60 g/L>30 g/L,处理间差异极显著;根系MDA含量排序为60 g/L>30 g/L>50 g/L>40 g/L,处理间差异极显著;各处理根系POD活性规律与根系活力一致。盐碱土添加玉米秸秆可增加玉米幼苗抗盐碱胁迫能力,其中40 g/L处理最为显著。

关键词: 玉米, 盐碱土, 玉米秸秆添加量, 种子萌发, 幼苗生长特性

Abstract:

To explore the optimal amount of maize stalks added to the saline-alkaline soil, we used ‘Nonghua 101’ maize seeds, harvested maize stalk powder and typical saline-alkali soil in Tongliao as materials, prepared soil extract of saline-alkali soil: distilled water (1:5) to make 30, 40, 50, 60 g/L straw powder culture solution as five treatments, and conducted hydroponic culture of maize seeds. The pH, electrical conductivity, number of microorganisms and number of endophytes in the roots of maize seedlings were measured during the cultivation period, and the germination rate of maize seeds was tested, the agronomic traits of seedlings and the physiological characteristics of leaves and roots at the four-leaf stage were studied. The results show that the addition of maize stalks in saline-alkali soil could reduce the soil pH and the germination rate of maize seeds, but significantly increase the root length, root number and plant height of seedlings; the 40 g/L treatment has the largest increase of root length and root number, the treatment of 0 g/L has seedling death at the two-leaf stage. The addition of straw could significantly increase the number of saline-alkali soil bacteria, except the 30 g/L treatment, the other treatments significantly increase the number of fungi and actinomycetes. There is no significant difference between root endophytic fungi and actinomycetes, the number of root endophytic bacteria in 30 g/L and 40 g/L treatment is significantly higher than that in 50 g/L and 60 g/L treatment. The POD activity of leaves of 40 g/L treatment is significantly higher than that in 50 g/L and 60 g/L treatment, which is 2.22 and 3.15 times, respectively. The MDA content of the leaves is 60 g/L>50 g/L>30 g/L>40 g/L, and the difference among the treatments is extremely significant. The SOD activity of leaves and root activity are 40 g/L>50 g/L>60 g/L>30 g/L, with extremely significant difference among the treatments. The root MDA content is 60 g/L>30 g/ L>50 g/L>40 g/L, and extremely significant difference is also found among the treatments. The law of root POD activity of each treatment is consistent with root activity. Therefore, adding maize stalk powder to saline soil could increase maize seedlings’ resistance to salt-alkali stress, and the effect of 40 g/L treatment is the most significant.

Key words: maize, saline-alkali soil, maize stalk addition, seed germination, growth characteristics of seedling

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