酸性富磷土中添加溶磷菌对土壤性质和芥菜生长的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0270

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (20): 97-105.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0270

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇下一篇

酸性富磷土中添加溶磷菌对土壤性质和芥菜生长的影响

许杨贵(), 李珠娴, 梁健仪, 涂玉婷, 彭一平, 钟文亮, 黄继川()

广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/广东省养分资源循环利用与耕地保育重点实验室/农业农村部南方植物营养与肥料重点实验室，广州 510640

收稿日期:2025-03-31 修回日期:2025-05-15 出版日期:2025-07-15 发布日期:2025-07-21
通讯作者:
黄继川，男，1981年出生，广州天河人，研究员，硕士，研究方向：植物营养与新型肥料。通信地址：510640 广州市天河区金颖路66号资环所，Tel：020-38469763，E-mail：huangkuang_2002@aliyun.com。
作者简介:
许杨贵，男，1988年出生，广东湛江人，助理研究员，博士，研究方向：植物营养与农田重金属镉安全利用。通信地址：510640 广州市天河区金颖路66号资环所，Tel：020-38469763，E-mail：xuyangguisky@126.com。
基金资助:
广东省重点领域研发计划项目“耕地土壤酸化绿色防控技术研究与示范”(2023B0202010027); 青年科学基金“干湿交替强化丛枝菌根真菌降低水稻镉吸收转运的机制”(42107050); 广州市基础与应用基础研究项目“水分管理调控镉污染稻田土壤中AMF侵染水稻根系的机理研究”(2023A04J0788); 广东省农业科学院人才引进项目“优秀博士第二层次”(R2021YJ-YB2003)

Effect of Phosphorus-solubilizing Bacteria on Soil Properties and Growth of Mustard in Acidic Phosphorus-rich Soil

XU Yanggui(), LI Zhuxian, LIANG Jianyi, TU Yuting, PENG Yiping, ZHONG Wenliang, HUANG Jichuan()

Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Guangzhou 510640

Received:2025-03-31 Revised:2025-05-15 Published:2025-07-15 Online:2025-07-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对菜地高磷施肥导致的磷素盈余及环境风险问题，探讨磷肥减量配施溶磷菌对酸性富磷土壤改良及芥菜生长的影响，为改善土壤状况和提升蔬菜生产力提供科学依据。以水东芥菜为供试蔬菜种子，通过盆栽试验，设置常规磷、50%常规磷、常规磷+溶磷菌、50%常规磷+溶磷菌共4个处理，比较不同处理对土壤性质以及芥菜根系形态、生长情况与养分利用的影响。关联性分析表明：土壤盐基离子总量与碱解氮、速效钾、有效磷、有效锌和有效铜正相关，与交换性铝负相关；酸性富磷不利于芥菜生长，严重抑制芥菜养分吸收；磷肥减量可以提高芥菜非根际土速效钾含量，改善芥菜根系形态，提高芥菜氮、磷和钾的利用，减少土壤养分盈余，促进芥菜生长，提高芥菜茎叶可溶性糖和维生素C的含量。添加溶磷菌能进一步提高芥菜养分利用、生物量和品质，尤其是常规磷+溶磷菌效果更佳，可以进一步改善非根际土性质，增加芥菜的根系表面积、根长比、总根长、细根长和粗根长，提高芥菜对根际土养分的摄取，同时可以降低芥菜干物质对地下根系的分配，促进芥菜地上部分的增产。磷肥减量和添加溶磷菌在促进芥菜养分吸收的同时也降低根际土盐基离子含量，提高芥菜根际铝毒的风险。综上，常规磷肥配施溶磷菌模式在酸性富磷土壤中展现出最佳的应用潜力，但在实际生产中也需要合理补充钾、钙和镁等盐基离子，改善土壤盐基离子总量，提高土壤保肥能力和对铝毒的缓冲作用，促进蔬菜生产的可持续发展。

关键词: 芥菜, 酸性富磷土, 盐基离子, 溶磷菌, 养分利用效率, 根系形态

Abstract:

To address the issue of phosphorus surplus and environmental risks caused by excessive phosphorus fertilization in vegetable fields, this study explored the effects of reduced phosphorus fertilizer application combined with phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria on the improvement of acidic P-rich soil and the growth of mustard, providing a scientific basis for sustainable vegetable production. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted with four treatments: conventional P, 50% conventional P, conventional P + phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, and 50% conventional P + phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, to compare their effects on the properties of acidic P-rich soil, the nutrient utilization and growth of mustard (Brassica juncea). Correlation analysis revealed that the total exchangeable bases cations in soil were positively correlated with soil nutrient parameters such as alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available potassium, available P, available zinc and available copper, while negatively correlated with exchangeable aluminum. High acidity and phosphorus-rich soil conditions were detrimental to mustard growth and severely inhibited its nutrient absorption. Conversely, reducing P application enhanced the available K in bulk soil and improved the root traits, the utilization of N, P and K in mustard, reduced soil nutrient surplus, promoted the growth of mustard, and increased the content of soluble sugars and vitamin C in mustard stems and leaves. Adding phosphate-solubilizing bacteria could enhance the nutrient utilization, biomass and quality of mustard greens. Especially, the combined use of conventional phosphorus and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, could further improve the properties of non-root zone soil, increase the root surface area, root length ratio, total root length, fine root length and coarse root length of mustard greens, and enhance their ability to absorb nutrients from the root zone soil, reduce the allocation of dry matter to the underground roots and promote the increase in the above-ground yield of mustard greens. Reducing the amount of phosphate fertilizer and adding phosphate-solubilizing bacteria not only promoted the absorption of nutrients by mustard greens but also reduced the content of base ions in the root zone soil, increased the risk of aluminum toxicity in the root zone of mustard greens. In comparison, the conventional phosphate fertilizer combined with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria model showed the best application potential in acidic phosphorus-rich soil.

Key words: mustard, acidic phosphorus-rich soil, soil exchangeable base cations, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, nutrient use efficiency, root trait

许杨贵, 李珠娴, 梁健仪, 涂玉婷, 彭一平, 钟文亮, 黄继川. 酸性富磷土中添加溶磷菌对土壤性质和芥菜生长的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2025, 41(20): 97-105.

XU Yanggui, LI Zhuxian, LIANG Jianyi, TU Yuting, PENG Yiping, ZHONG Wenliang, HUANG Jichuan. Effect of Phosphorus-solubilizing Bacteria on Soil Properties and Growth of Mustard in Acidic Phosphorus-rich Soil[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(20): 97-105.

图/表 8

参考文献 46

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处理		pH	有机质/%	碱解氮/(mg/kg)	有效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)
根际土	50% RD	4.92±0.09ab^*	0.99±0.04b	237.7±26.6a	196.1±7.9b^**	152.7±14.6a^*
	50% RD+PSB	4.65±0.04c	0.94±0.02b	147.1±13.5b^*	105.8±9.4c	77.1±9.2b^**
	RD	5.03±0.02a^***	0.92±0.01b	246.9±13.3a^*	241.9±5.8a^***	128.3±2.6a^**
	RD+PSB	4.80±0.02bc^*	1.00±0.01a	157.7±19.4b^*	120.5±10.3c^*	77.1±6.1b^**
非根际土	50% RD	4.59±0.02BC	0.93±0.03B	203.5±12.2A	128.7±4.7B	114.7±3.1A
	50% RD+PSB	4.74±0.06A	0.90±0.02B	203.0±4.6A	125.1±7.1B	122.4±1.7A
	RD	4.54±0.03C	0.91±0.01B	199.2±6.8A	155.4±5.5A	102.2±2.1B
	RD+PSB	4.67±0.01AB	1.03±0.02A	202.1±3.3A	156.4±1.9A	115.7±5.6A

处理		pH	有机质/%	碱解氮/(mg/kg)	有效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)
根际土	50% RD	4.92±0.09ab^*	0.99±0.04b	237.7±26.6a	196.1±7.9b^**	152.7±14.6a^*
	50% RD+PSB	4.65±0.04c	0.94±0.02b	147.1±13.5b^*	105.8±9.4c	77.1±9.2b^**
	RD	5.03±0.02a^***	0.92±0.01b	246.9±13.3a^*	241.9±5.8a^***	128.3±2.6a^**
	RD+PSB	4.80±0.02bc^*	1.00±0.01a	157.7±19.4b^*	120.5±10.3c^*	77.1±6.1b^**
非根际土	50% RD	4.59±0.02BC	0.93±0.03B	203.5±12.2A	128.7±4.7B	114.7±3.1A
	50% RD+PSB	4.74±0.06A	0.90±0.02B	203.0±4.6A	125.1±7.1B	122.4±1.7A
	RD	4.54±0.03C	0.91±0.01B	199.2±6.8A	155.4±5.5A	102.2±2.1B
	RD+PSB	4.67±0.01AB	1.03±0.02A	202.1±3.3A	156.4±1.9A	115.7±5.6A

处理		交换性钠	交换性钙/ (cmol/kg)	交换性镁/ (cmol/kg)	交换性钾/ (cmol/kg)	TEB/ (cmol/kg)	有效铜/ (mg/kg)	有效锌/ (mg/kg)	有效锰/ (mg/kg)	交换性铝/ [cmol(1/3Al³⁺)/kg]
根际土	50% RD	1.93±0.45ab	2.00±0.28b	0.23±0.01a*	0.43±0.04a	4.62±0.39a	0.47±0.01ab	2.48±0.04ab	0.58±0.04a	1.06±0.12c^*
	50% RD+PSB	0.82±0.01c^***	1.28±0.08c^*	0.18±0.00b	0.25±0.03b*	2.53±0.10b^**	0.45±0.00ab^**	1.89±0.07c^**	0.50±0.02a	1.95±0.18a^*
	RD	2.09±0.07a^**	2.58±0.10a	0.21±0.00a	0.36±0.02a	5.26±0.18a^*	0.52±0.05a	2.79±0.11a	0.60±0.05a	0.54±0.07d^***
	RD+PSB	1.22±0.03bc	1.53±0.07bc^**	0.22±0.00a	0.24±0.01b	3.21±0.06b^*	0.39±0.01b^*	2.41±0.18b	0.67±0.09a	1.46±0.02b^**
非际土	50% RD	1.53±0.13A	1.89±0.07B	0.19±0.00B	0.36±0.02BA	3.98±0.15A	0.53±0.01A	2.37±0.07B	0.48±0.01A	1.68±0.04B
	50% RD+PSB	1.54±0.04A	1.70±0.05C	0.17±0.00B	0.41±0.02A	3.82±0.05A	0.52±0.00AB	2.30±0.05B	0.51±0.04A	1.44±0.03C
	RD	1.39±0.02A	2.21±0.03A	0.22±0.00A	0.34±0.00AB	4.17±0.03A	0.48±0.01B	2.37±0.04B	0.46±0.01A	2.00±0.04A
	RD+PSB	1.46±0.07A	2.16±0.09A	0.22±0.01A	0.31±0.04B	4.15±0.17A	0.49±0.02B	2.62±0.11A	0.54±0.05A	1.31±0.02D

处理		交换性钠	交换性钙/ (cmol/kg)	交换性镁/ (cmol/kg)	交换性钾/ (cmol/kg)	TEB/ (cmol/kg)	有效铜/ (mg/kg)	有效锌/ (mg/kg)	有效锰/ (mg/kg)	交换性铝/ [cmol(1/3Al³⁺)/kg]
根际土	50% RD	1.93±0.45ab	2.00±0.28b	0.23±0.01a*	0.43±0.04a	4.62±0.39a	0.47±0.01ab	2.48±0.04ab	0.58±0.04a	1.06±0.12c^*
	50% RD+PSB	0.82±0.01c^***	1.28±0.08c^*	0.18±0.00b	0.25±0.03b*	2.53±0.10b^**	0.45±0.00ab^**	1.89±0.07c^**	0.50±0.02a	1.95±0.18a^*
	RD	2.09±0.07a^**	2.58±0.10a	0.21±0.00a	0.36±0.02a	5.26±0.18a^*	0.52±0.05a	2.79±0.11a	0.60±0.05a	0.54±0.07d^***
	RD+PSB	1.22±0.03bc	1.53±0.07bc^**	0.22±0.00a	0.24±0.01b	3.21±0.06b^*	0.39±0.01b^*	2.41±0.18b	0.67±0.09a	1.46±0.02b^**
非际土	50% RD	1.53±0.13A	1.89±0.07B	0.19±0.00B	0.36±0.02BA	3.98±0.15A	0.53±0.01A	2.37±0.07B	0.48±0.01A	1.68±0.04B
	50% RD+PSB	1.54±0.04A	1.70±0.05C	0.17±0.00B	0.41±0.02A	3.82±0.05A	0.52±0.00AB	2.30±0.05B	0.51±0.04A	1.44±0.03C
	RD	1.39±0.02A	2.21±0.03A	0.22±0.00A	0.34±0.00AB	4.17±0.03A	0.48±0.01B	2.37±0.04B	0.46±0.01A	2.00±0.04A
	RD+PSB	1.46±0.07A	2.16±0.09A	0.22±0.01A	0.31±0.04B	4.15±0.17A	0.49±0.02B	2.62±0.11A	0.54±0.05A	1.31±0.02D

处理	氮利用率(NUE_crop)	磷利用率(PUE_crop)	钾利用率(KUE_crop)
50% RD	0.25±0.01c	0.12±0.00b	0.12±0.00c
50% RD+PSB	0.33±0.03b	0.15±0.01a	0.13±0.00b
RD	0.13±0.01d	0.04±0.00d	0.06±0.00d
RD+PSB	0.40±0.02a	0.09±0.01c	0.19±0.00a

酸性富磷土中添加溶磷菌对土壤性质和芥菜生长的影响

Effect of Phosphorus-solubilizing Bacteria on Soil Properties and Growth of Mustard in Acidic Phosphorus-rich Soil

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处理	根生物量/(g/株)	茎叶生物量/(g/株)	植株生物量/(g/株)	根/茎比
50% RD	0.32±0.02ab	3.22±0.07c	3.54±0.08c	0.12±0.00b
50% RD+PSB	0.48±0.10a	3.86±0.10b	4.34±0.12b	0.14±0.02b
RD	0.26±0.02b	1.47±0.09d	1.73±0.09d	0.20±0.02a
RD+PSB	0.50±0.04a	4.70±0.18a	5.20±0.20a	0.14±0.01b

处理	可溶性糖/%	维生素C/(mg/kg)
50% RD	1.15±0.03b	218.96.6±a
50% RD+PSB	1.20±0.01b	221.2±8.9a
RD	0.62±0.04c	149.3±7.2b
RD+PSB	1.59±0.08a	220.7±0.6a

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