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中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (23): 155-164.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0777

• 水产·渔业 • 上一篇    

鄱阳湖短颌鲚资源状况及极端枯水位下其环境容纳量初步估算

吴斌(), 章海鑫, 吴子君, 余建芳, 阙祥尧, 侯明勇, 张燕萍()   

  1. 江西省水产科学研究所/南昌市特种水产繁育与健康养殖重点实验室,南昌 330039
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-20 修回日期:2025-04-13 出版日期:2025-08-19 发布日期:2025-08-19
  • 通讯作者:
    张燕萍,女,1979年出生,江西吉安人,研究员,博士,研究方向:渔业资源与生态环境、水产养殖。通信地址:330039 江西省南昌市富大有路1099号 江西省水产科学研究所,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    吴斌,男,1984年出生,江西南昌人,高级水产师,博士,研究方向:数智赋能“生态鄱阳湖、绿色水产品”。通信地址:330039 江西省南昌市富大有路1099号 江西省水产科学研究所,Tel:0791-88104594,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    江西省联合育种攻关项目“翘嘴鳜联合育种攻关项目”(2023yyzygg-02)

Resource Status of Coilia nasus in Poyang Lake and Preliminary Estimation of Its Environmental Capacity Under Extremely Low Water Level

WU Bin(), ZHANG Haixin, WU Zijun, YU Jianfang, QUE Xiangyao, HOU Mingyong, ZHANG Yanping()   

  1. Jiangxi Fisheries Research Institute/ Nanchang Key Laboratory of Special Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Nanchang 330039
  • Received:2024-12-20 Revised:2025-04-13 Published:2025-08-19 Online:2025-08-19

摘要:

为动态评估鄱阳湖渔业资源状况,本研究基于2018—2022年渔业资源调查数据,利用长度贝叶斯生物量估算法(the length-based Bayesian, LBB)评估其资源状态,并结合基于生态系统的Ecopath模型,估算极端枯水位下的环境容纳量。结果表明:短颌鲚平均渐近体长(Asymptotic length,L∞)为374(368~381)mm;资源状况指标E(F/Z)为0.067,远小于0.5;当前生物量与原始生物量之比(B/B0)为0.89 (0.225~2.6),大于0.5;2018—2022年间L∞和B/B0呈上升趋势,而捕捞死亡率与自然死亡率比值(F/M)呈下降趋势,表明禁渔后短颌鲚资源呈现恢复态势。Ecopath模型估算得出,极端枯水位下鄱阳湖短颌鲚环境承载力为5.03 t/km2(全湖约1136.78 t),而当前生物量为2.83 t/km2(全湖约639.58 t)。研究表明,当前鄱阳湖短颌鲚资源总体处于未开发状态,尽管环境容纳量一定程度制约了其种群增长,但其种群仍具有显著的增长潜力。本研究结果为鄱阳湖短颌鲚资源的可持续管理及整个湖泊生态系统的保护提供了科学依据。

关键词: 短颌鲚, 渔业资源, 极端枯水位, 环境容纳量, 鄱阳湖

Abstract:

In order to conduct a dynamic analysis of the fishery resources in Poyang Lake, a study on the resource status of Coilia nasus and its environmental carrying capacity under extreme low water levels was carried out. Based on the fishery resource survey data, the length-based Bayesian biomass estimation method was used to obtain the relevant parameters of Coilia nasus population, and the Ecopath model was applied to estimate its environmental carrying capacity under extreme low water levels. The results showed that the average L∞ of Coilia nasus in Poyang Lake was 374 (368-381) mm; the resource status index E (F/Z) was 0.067, far less than 0.5; the ratio of current biomass to original biomass (B/B0) was 0.89 (0.225-2.6), which was greater than 0.5; from 2018 to 2022, L∞ and B/B0 showed an upward trend, while the ratio of fishing mortality to natural mortality (F/M) showed a downward trend, indicating that the resources of Coilia nasus showed a recovery trend after the fishing ban. The Ecopath model revealed that environmental carrying capacity of Coilia nasus in Poyang Lake was 5.03 t/km2 (approximately 1136.78 t), while its current biomass was 2.83 t/km2 (approximately 639.58 t). Currently, the overall resources of Coilia nasus in Poyang Lake are in an undeveloped state. The environmental carrying capacity has restricted the population growth of Coilia nasus to a certain extent, but there is still a large growth space for its population. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for the sustainable management of Coilia nasus resources and the protection of the entire lake ecosystem in Poyang Lake.

Key words: Coilia nasus, fisheries resources, extremely low water level, environmental capacity, Poyang Lake