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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (35): 80-87.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0641

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

额尔古纳兴安落叶松物候期与季节性冻土关系研究

杨丽萍1(), 张胜利2, 张存厚1(), 吕琰3, 唐家琦1   

  1. 1 内蒙古生态与农业气象中心，呼和浩特 010051
    2 内蒙古农业大学，呼和浩特 010018
    3 额尔古纳市气象局，内蒙古额尔古纳 022250
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-28 修回日期:2025-11-17 出版日期:2025-12-11 发布日期:2025-12-11
  • 通讯作者:
    张存厚，男，1977年出生，内蒙古呼和浩特人，正高级工程师，博士，主要从事生态气象与干旱评估方面的研究。通信地址：010051 内蒙古呼和浩特市新城区海拉尔大街49号 内蒙古自治区生态与农业气象中心，Tel：0471-3335057，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    杨丽萍，女，1977年出生，内蒙古赤峰人，正高级工程师，博士，主要从事生态气象、林业气象及遥感应用研究。通信地址：010051内蒙古呼和浩特市新城区海拉尔大街49号 内蒙古自治区生态与农业气象中心，Tel：0471-3335057，E-mail：

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“典型草原不同退化类型雪水消融过程水分转换效率研究”(32360295); 内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目“气候和冻土对内蒙古大兴安岭林区植被的影响”(2023LHMS04004); “内蒙古大青山油松人工林碳储量、固碳过程及速率研究”(2025LHMS03032); 内蒙古科技计划项目“内蒙古黄河流域西鄂尔多斯高原洪旱灾害遥感监测技术研发与应用”(2025YFHH0005); “毛乌素沙地水资源新业态技术研究”(2022YFHH0100)

Study on Relationship Between Seasonal Permafrost and Phenology of Larix gmelinii in Erguna

YANG Liping1(), ZHANG Shengli2, ZHANG Cunhou1(), LYU Yan3, TANG Jiaqi1   

  1. 1 Inner Mongolia Center of Ecology and Agrometeorology, Hohhot 010051
    2 Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018
    3 Erguna Meteorological Bureau, Erguna, Inner Mongolia 022250
  • Received:2025-07-28 Revised:2025-11-17 Published:2025-12-11 Online:2025-12-11

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摘要：

开展兴安落叶松物候期与季节性冻土变化特征的关系研究，对于合理利用冻土资源，科学指导当地林业生产实践具有重要意义。利用1991—2023年额尔古纳地面气象站冻土数据和农牧业气象观测站物候观测资料，选择代表性树种兴安落叶松为研究对象，采用线性倾向估计、Pearson相关系数等统计分析方法，重点探讨额尔古纳兴安落叶松不同物候期及其与季节性冻土变化特征的关系。结果表明：（1）研究区季节性冻土变化特征明显，冻结初日平均每10 a推迟5 d，融化终日平均每10 a提前18 d，融化初日相对较稳定；最大冻土深度、融化日数和冻融周期平均每10 a分别减小29 cm、缩短16 d和23 d。（2）研究时段内，兴安落叶松春季物候期和秋季物候期都表现为推迟趋势，花芽开放期和展叶始期平均每10 a推迟5 d，叶完全变色期和落叶末期平均每10 a推迟11 d；生长季长度平均每10 a延长6 d，处于生长季中期的展叶始期—叶完全变色期持续日数的延长贡献最大。（3）兴安落叶松不同物候期与季节性冻土关系较为密切，兴安落叶松不同物候期的推迟及生长季的延长，都与冻土冻结初日的推迟、融化终日的提前、融化日数和冻融周期的缩短紧密相关，另外最大冻土深度变浅对兴安落叶松物候期的推迟也存在一定影响。该研究得出了额尔古纳兴安落叶松物候期及其与季节性冻土变化关系，为指导科学林业生产提供参考。

关键词: 季节性冻土, 兴安落叶松, 物候期, 相关关系, 额尔古纳

Abstract:

It is of great significance to study the relationship between the phenological periods of Larix gmelinii and characteristics of seasonal permafrost change to provide scientific guidance for the rational utilization of permafrost resources and the practice of local forestry production. Using statistical methods such as linear tendency estimation and Pearson correlation coefficient, this study focuses on the phenological periods of Larix gmelinii in Erguna and its relationship with the characteristics of seasonal permafrost change based on the permafrost data from Erguna Ground Meteorological Station and the phenological observation data from Erguna Agrometeorological Observation Station from 1991 to 2023. The results showed that: (1) seasonal permafrost in the study area had undergone significant changes, with the first day of freezing delayed by 5 days per 10 years on average, and the last day of melting advanced by 18 days per 10 years. It also indicated that the first day of thaw was relatively stable. The maximum permafrost depth decreased by 29 cm, the number of thaw days and the freeze-thaw cycle were shortened by16 days, and 23 days per 10 years on average, respectively. (2) During the study period, the spring and autumn phenological periods of Larix gmelinii showed a postponement trend, with the flower bud opening stage and the beginning of leaf development delaying by an average of 5 days every 10 years, and the complete leaf discoloration stage and the end defoliation stage delaying by 11 days on average every 10 years. The length of the growing season was extended by 6 days every 10 years on average, and the extension of the number of days from the initial period of leaf exhibition to the complete discoloration period at the middle of the growing season contributed the most. (3) The different phenological periods of Larix gmelinii were closely related to the seasonal permafrost. The postponement of different phenological periods and the extension of the growing season of Larix gmelinii were closely related to the postponement of the first day of permafrost freezing, the advance of the last day of thawing, the number of thawing days and the shortening of the freeze-thaw cycle, and the shallow depth of the maximum permafrost also had a certain impact on the postponement of the phenological period of Larix gmelinii. This study demonstrated the phenological periods of Larix gmelinii in Erguna and their relationship with seasonal permafrost changes, providing a reference for guiding scientific forestry production.

Key words: seasonal permafrost, Larix gmelinii, phenological period, correlation, Erguna