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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (17): 160-166.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0182

• 畜牧动物医学蚕蜂 • 上一篇    下一篇

喀什地区农舍褐家鼠种群的体型特征研究

阿布都克尤木•卡德尔1(), 麦迪乃姆•艾力江2, 刘炳辉3()   

  1. 1 新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业农村部西北荒漠绿洲作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室/国家植物保护库尔勒观测实验站/新疆农业生物安全重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830091
    2 喀什地区植物保护站, 新疆喀什 844099
    3 新疆维吾尔自治区植物保护检疫站, 乌鲁木齐 830049
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-03 修回日期:2026-05-15 出版日期:2026-09-15 发布日期:2026-09-09
  • 通讯作者:
    刘炳辉,男,1980年出生,山东临沂人,高级农艺师,硕士研究生,主要从事农作物病虫害鼠综合防控。通信地址:830049 乌鲁木齐市天山区胜利路157号 新疆维吾尔自治区植物保护检疫站,Tel:0991-5856474,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    阿布都克尤木?卡德尔,男,1981年出生,新疆乌鲁木齐人,副研究员,本科,研究方向:鼠害综合防治与示范推广。通信地址:830091 新疆乌鲁木齐市沙依巴克区南昌路403号,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    农业农村部西北荒漠绿洲作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室“南疆典型农区褐家鼠种群繁殖特征及其时空动态驱动因素分析”(KFJJ202303); 自治区自然科学基金计划特培项目“喀什地区农舍褐家鼠种群繁殖参数的季节及年龄变化研究”(2026D03015); 新疆农业生物安全重点实验室“入侵生物褐家鼠智能化监测与综合防控技术研究”(XJKLABKFJJ202404)

Rattus norvegicus in Farmhouses in Kashgar Area: Morphological Characteristics

ABUDUKEYOUMU Kader1(), MADINA Ailijian2, LIU Binghui3()   

  1. 1 Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Northwest Desert-Oasis Regions, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ Korla National Plant Protection Observation and Experiment Station/ Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830091
    2 Kashgar Prefecture Plant Protection Station, Kashgar, Xinjiang 844099
    3 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Plant Protection and Quarantine Station, Urumqi 830049
  • Received:2026-03-03 Revised:2026-05-15 Published:2026-09-15 Online:2026-09-09

摘要:

为了补充新疆南部地区农舍褐家鼠种群生态学资料,为该鼠种种群动态预测与科学防治提供理论依据,本研究于2019—2025年在喀什地区农舍区采用定点夹捕法与笼捕法相结合的方式,捕获褐家鼠雌雄有效样本718只。通过精准测量核心体型指标,系统分析其在雌雄个体间、不同年龄组间及不同季节间的变异规律。结果发现,该地区农舍褐家鼠种群体重主要分布于40.01~270.00 g范围内,占种群总数的83.43%;其中核心分布区间为80.01~240.00 g,占比达60.45%,种群体型结构整体呈正态分布。年龄结构上,成年Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组及老年组个体占种群绝对优势,三者合计占比69.47%。雌雄个体在体重、体长、尾长、后足长及耳高5项体型指标上均无显著差异(P>0.05),而不同年龄组间上述各项体型指标差异极显著(P<0.01),季节变化对褐家鼠的体型特征也具有明显的调控作用。在相同栖息环境条件下,喀什地区农舍褐家鼠雌雄个体的生长速率趋于一致,其体型特征随年龄增长逐步完善优化,季节波动对其生长发育过程具有显著影响。本研究结果可为后续深入开展新疆农舍褐家鼠季节性繁殖特性研究提供基础参考,同时为当地褐家鼠的精准防控工作提供科学依据。

关键词: 农舍区, 褐家鼠, 体型特征, 年龄结构, 喀什地区

Abstract:

To supplement ecological data of brown rat population in farmhouses in the southern region of Xinjiang and to provide a theoretical basis for predicting population dynamics and implementing scientific control measures, a standardized trapping protocol integrating fixed-point snap-trap deployment and live-cage trapping was implemented across rural households in Kashgar Prefecture in 2019-2025. A total of 718 morphologically valid specimens (comprising both sexes) were collected. Five core biometric parameters, including body weight, head-body length, tail length, hind foot length, and ear height, were measured with precision, and intergroup comparisons (by sex, age class, and season) were conducted using appropriate statistical analyses. The results showed that body weight in the sampled population exhibited a unimodal, approximately normal distribution, with 83.43% of individuals falling within the 40.01-270.00 g range; the modal interval (80.01-240.00 g) accounted for 60.45% of all specimens. Age structure was dominated by adult group I, adult group II, and elderly individuals, collectively representing 69.47% of the sample. No statistically significant sexual dimorphism was observed for any of the five measured morphometric traits (all P>0.05). In contrast, highly significant differences were detected across age classes (all P<0.01), and seasonal variation exerted a statistically significant influence on body size parameters (P<0.05). Under shared environmental conditions in rural Kashgar households, male and female R. norvegicus exhibit comparable growth trajectories and convergent somatic development with advancing age. Seasonal environmental fluctuations significantly modulate growth and morphological maturation. These findings establish a quantitative baseline for future investigations into the seasonal reproductive characteristics of R. norvegicus in rural Xinjiang and provide empirical support for spatially and temporally refined rodent control interventions.

Key words: farmhouses, Rattus norvegicus, morphological characteristics, age structure, Kashgar area

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