欢迎访问《中国农学通报》，
中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (21): 1-9.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0790

• 农业微生物组与绿色发展专题 •    下一篇

微生物菌剂对退砂地连作西瓜生长和真菌群落结构的影响

赵沛1(), 武仁敦2, 王雪3, 康萍芝1()   

  1. 1 宁夏农林科学院植物保护研究所， 银川 750002
    2 宁夏银川市农业技术推广服务中心， 银川 750002
    3 宁夏中卫市农技推广与培训中心， 宁夏中卫 755000
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-21 修回日期:2026-01-11 出版日期:2026-11-10 发布日期:2026-11-10
  • 通讯作者:
    康萍芝，女，1972年出生，宁夏中宁人，研究员，本科，从事植物病害综合防治研究。通信地址：750002 宁夏银川市金凤区黄河东路590号，Tel：0951-6882372，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    赵沛，女，1993年出生，宁夏固原人，研究实习员，硕士，从事植物病害生物防治与土壤微生物研究。通信地址：750002 宁夏银川市金凤区黄河东路590号，Tel：0951-6882353，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    宁夏回族自治区农业科技自主创新资金项目——农业高质量发展和生态保护科技创新示范课题“特色作物土传病害高效复合微生物菌剂的研发及应用”(NGSB-2021-10-01)

Effects of Microbial Agents on Growth and Fungal Community Structure of Watermelon in Sand-reclaimed Land

ZHAO Pei1(), WU Rendun2, WANG Xue3, KANG Pingzhi1()   

  1. 1 Institute of Plant Protection, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002
    2 Ningxia Yinchuan Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Yinchuan 750002
    3 Ningxia Zhongwei Agricultural Technology Extension and Training Center, Zhongwei, Ningxia 755000
  • Received:2025-09-21 Revised:2026-01-11 Published:2026-11-10 Online:2026-11-10

RichHTML

2

PDF (PC)

8

摘要：

为了探究4种不同复合微生物菌剂对退砂地连作西瓜生长及土壤改良的作用，本研究采用蘸根及灌根法，结合高通量测序技术，分析了不同菌剂对西瓜根际真菌群落结构和多样性的动态变化，并测定了土壤理化性质及植株生长指标。结果表明，4种菌剂处理均有效抑制了镰孢菌属(Fusarium)、赤霉菌属(Gibberella)、新球壳孢属(Neocosmospora)等病原菌属的相对丰度，并显著增强青霉菌属(Penicillium)、篮状菌属(Talaromyce)等有益菌属的比例。土壤理化性质分析发现，4种微生物菌剂处理均显著提高了土壤全磷、速效氮、速效磷及速效钾含量，其中X4菌剂的提升效果最好，全磷增幅可达28.17%、速效氮增幅可达46.15%、速效磷增幅可达136.68%、速效钾增幅可达18.75%。此外，4种微生物菌剂均能显著增加西瓜苗的蔓长、叶片数、枝条数及单瓜重量。综上所述，施用以上4种复合微生物菌剂均有效调节土壤真菌群落、改善土壤肥力，并促进西瓜生长，综合比较，微生物菌剂X4的调控效果最佳，可用于退砂地连作西瓜优质生产。

关键词: 西瓜, 微生物菌剂, 真菌群落结构, 土壤理化性质, 高通量测序, 连作障碍

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of four composite microbial inoculants on growth of watermelon and soil amelioration in continuous cropping sandy degraded land, root dipping and root irrigation methods were adopted in this study. High-throughput sequencing was further applied to characterize the influences of the inoculants on the structure and diversity of rhizosphere fungal communities of watermelon; soil physiochemical properties and plant growth indices were also quantified. The results revealed that the relative abundances of pathogenic genera including Fusarium, Gibberella, and Neocosmospora, were effectively inhibited by all four inoculant treatments, whereas the relative abundances of beneficial genera such as Penicillium and Talaromyces increased markedly. Physiochemical analysis demonstrated that all four inoculants significantly elevated soil total phosphorus, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium contents. Among all treatments, inoculant X4 exhibited the most pronounced improvement, with increases of 28.17% in total phosphorus, 46.15% in available nitrogen, 136.68% in available phosphorus, and 18.75% in available potassium. Moreover, all inoculants significantly promoted vine length, leaf number, branch number and single-fruit weight of watermelon plants. In conclusion, application of the four composite microbial inoculants optimizes rhizosphere fungal community composition, improves soil physiochemical traits, and exerts growth-promoting effects on watermelon. Comprehensive comparison indicates that inoculant X4 delivers the optimal regulatory performance, and can be deployed to facilitate high-quality watermelon production in continuously cropped sandy degraded land.

Key words: watermelon, microbial agents, fungal community structure, soil physical and chemical properties, high-throughput sequencing, continuous cropping obstacle

中图分类号: