欢迎访问《中国农学通报》,

中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (19): 51-59.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0348

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

紫花苜蓿-烤烟轮作模式下氮磷钾配施对植烟土壤性质与烟叶产质量的影响

徐兴阳1(), 杨宗云1, 耿宇2, 马左玉1, 王晓云2, 侯永强2, 盘四光2, 潘义宏2()   

  1. 1 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司, 昆明 650051
    2 昆明学院农学与生命科学学院, 昆明 650214
  • 收稿日期:2026-04-30 修回日期:2026-08-15 出版日期:2026-10-15 发布日期:2026-10-15
  • 通讯作者:
    潘义宏,男,高级工程师,博士,研究方向:烟叶原料提质增效研究与应用。通信地址:650214 昆明经济技术开发区浦新路2号 昆明学院农学楼,E-mail:。
  • 作者简介:

    徐兴阳,男,云南盐津人,硕士生导师,高级农艺师,主要从事烟草栽培技术研究。通信地址:650051 昆明市盘龙区北京路523号 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司,E-mail:。

  • 基金资助:
    云南省烟草公司昆明市公司资助项目“寻甸县‘烤烟+多元产业’融合发展模式研究与应用”(KMYC202205); 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司资助项目“提升主栽品种烟叶品质的关键技术集成创新与示范”(2025530000241019)

Effects of Combined Application of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on Soil Properties and Tobacco Yield and Quality Under Alfalfa-Tobacco Rotation System

XU Xingyang1(), YANG Zongyun1, GENG Yu2, MA Zuoyu1, WANG Xiaoyun2, HOU Yongqiang2, PAN Siguang2, PAN Yihong2()   

  1. 1 Yunnan Tobacco Company Kunming Branch, Kunming 650051
    2 College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming 650214
  • Received:2026-04-30 Revised:2026-08-15 Published:2026-10-15 Online:2026-10-15

摘要: 为探究“2年紫花苜蓿-1年烤烟”轮作模式效果及适配氮磷钾施肥方案,缓解烤烟连作障碍,以烤烟‘K326’、紫花苜蓿‘阿尔冈金’品种为材料,在云南寻甸烟区用L9(33)正交设计设置9个氮磷钾配施处理及1个空白对照(CK),分析不同施肥策略对植烟土壤理化性质与烤烟产质量的影响。结果显示,种植紫花苜蓿第2年的鲜重、干重总产较第1年分别提升31.6%、44.2%,春末夏初是最佳刈割期。各施肥处理对土壤pH和水溶性氯含量无显著影响(P>0.05),T7处理(N 127.5 kg/hm2、P2O5 82.5 kg/hm2、K2O 382.5 kg/hm2)提升土壤有机质等养分指标效果最优;农艺性状以T7处理最优,烟株生长势最优;经济性状中T7处理产量最高,T6处理(N 105.0 kg/hm2、P2O5 112.5 kg/hm2、K2O 247.5 kg/hm2)综合效益最优,产值67984.5元/hm2,上等烟比例75.83%;T3(N 82.5 kg/hm2、P2O5 112.5 kg/hm2、K2O 382.5 kg/hm2)、T4(N 105.0 kg/hm2、P2O5 82.5 kg/hm2、K2O 315.0 kg/hm2)、T6、T7处理烟叶外观质量优异,T4、T6、T7处理中部烟叶化学成分可用性指数较高。空白对照处理各项指标显著低于所有施肥处理(P<0.05),烤烟生长与产质量受严重抑制。综上所述,“2年紫花苜蓿-1年烤烟”轮作模式可改善烟田土壤基础肥力,配合合理氮磷钾配施可显著改善土壤、提升烤烟产质量,其中T6处理(氮、磷、钾用量分别为105、112.5和247.5 kg/hm2)是兼顾产质量与经济效益的最优施肥处理,T7处理(氮、磷、钾用量分别为127.5、82.5和382.5 kg/hm2)是侧重提升产量的适宜施肥处理。

关键词: 烤烟, 紫花苜蓿, 轮作, 氮磷钾配施, 土壤理化性质, 经济性状

Abstract:

To explore the effect of a ‘two-year alfalfa-one-year tobacco’ rotation system and the appropriate combined application scheme of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and to alleviate the continuous tobacco cultivation obstacles, ‘K326’ tobacco and the alfalfa variety ‘Algonquin’ were used as materials for the experiment in the tobacco-growing area of Xundian, Yunnan Province. A L9(33) orthogonal design was adopted to set up 9 combined application treatments of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and 1 blank control (CK). The effects of different fertilization strategies on soil physical and chemical properties and tobacco yield and quality under this planting system were analyzed. The results showed that the fresh weight and dry weight of alfalfa in the second year were 31.6% and 44.2% higher than those in the first year, respectively, and the best cutting period was in the late spring and early summer. The combined application of fertilizers had no significant effect on soil pH and water-soluble chlorine content (P>0.05). The T7 treatment (N 127.5 kg/hm2, P2O5 82.5 kg/hm2, K2O 382.5 kg/hm2) had the best effect on improving soil organic matter and other nutrient indicators. The agronomic traits were the best in the T7 treatment, and the growth vigor of tobacco plants was the best. In terms of economic traits, the T7 treatment had the highest yield, and the T6 treatment (N 105.0 kg/hm2, P2O5 112.5 kg/hm2, K2O 247.5 kg/hm2) had the best comprehensive benefits, with a value of 67984.5 yuan/hm2 and a proportion of high-quality tobacco of 75.83%. The T3 (N 82.5 kg/hm2, P2O5 112.5 kg/hm2, K2O 382.5 kg/hm2), T4 (N 105.0 kg/hm2, P2O5 82.5 kg/hm2, K2O 315.0 kg/hm2), T6 and T7 treatments had excellent tobacco leaf appearance quality, and the T4, T6 and T7 treatments had higher chemical component availability indices of middle tobacco leaves. The blank control was significantly lower than the fertilization treatments (T1-T9) in all indicators (P<0.05), and the growth and yield and quality of tobacco were severely inhibited. In conclusion, the ‘two-year alfalfa + one-year tobacco’ rotation system can improve the basic fertility of tobacco field soil. Combined with the appropriate application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, it can significantly improve the soil and enhance the yield and quality of tobacco. Among them, the T6 treatment is the optimal fertilization treatment that takes into account both yield and quality and economic benefits, and the T7 treatment is the appropriate fertilization treatment that focuses on increasing yield.

Key words: flue-cured tobacco, alfalfa, rotation, combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, soil physical and chemical properties, economic traits

中图分类号: