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中国农学通报 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (8): 95-103.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0093

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

一次性基施新配比控释掺混尿素对水稻'南粳46'性状、产量及氮素利用的影响

陆萍1(), 陈宇佳1, 王站付2, 张逸鸣1, 蒋杭峰1, 汪超凡1, 张蓉1(), 邱韩英3()   

  1. 1 上海市嘉定区农业技术推广服务中心, 上海 201800
    2 上海市农业技术推广服务中心, 上海 201103
    3 上海市宝山区农业技术推广中心, 上海 201901
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-28 修回日期:2026-03-04 出版日期:2026-04-25 发布日期:2026-04-23
  • 通讯作者:
    张蓉,女,1986年出生,上海人,农艺师,本科,主要从事农业生态环境保护与耕地质量建设。通信地址:201800 上海市嘉定区新成路881号9号楼301室,E-mail:
    邱韩英,女,1973年出生,上海人,高级农艺师,本科,主要从事耕地地力提升及科学施肥技术研究与推广工作。通信地址:201901上海市宝山区铁山路1050号1号楼8楼 农业技术推广中心,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    陆萍,女,1981年出生,上海人,高级农艺师,本科,主要从事土壤、肥料和农业环境研究与推广。通信地址:201800 上海市嘉定区新成路881号9号楼301室,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    嘉定区自然科学研究课题“控释尿素在水稻生产上的应用技术研究”(JDKW-2024-0005)

Effects of One-time Basal Application of a Newly Formulated Controlled-release Blended Urea on Traits, Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Rice (Oryza sativa L. 'Nanjing 46')

LU Ping1(), CHEN Yujia1, WANG Zhanfu2, ZHANG Yiming1, JIANG Hangfeng1, WANG Chaofan1, ZHANG Rong1(), QIU Hanying3()   

  1. 1 Jiading Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center, Shanghai 201800
    2 Shanghai Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center, Shanghai 201103
    3 Baoshan Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Shanghai 201901
  • Received:2026-01-28 Revised:2026-03-04 Published:2026-04-25 Online:2026-04-23

摘要:

基于控释尿素的特性和单季晚稻的需肥规律,本研究通过优化控释尿素与普通尿素的掺混比例及释放期调控,研制新配比控释掺混尿素,并探讨一次性基施替代常规分次施肥的可行性,以期为嘉定区单季晚稻高产、节本增效栽培提供理论依据。试验设置3个处理:T1(控释尿素和普通尿素按75%:25%质量比掺混,一次性基施)、T2(普通尿素按常规分次施用)、T3(不施氮肥)。结果表明,与T2相比,T1处理显著提高水稻开花期和乳熟期的剑叶SPAD值(分别提升3.56%和17.38%),有效穗数增加11.24%;产量和净效益分别提升2.58%和6.30%;地上部氮素积累量提高19.36%;氮肥利用率、农学效率及偏生产力分别显著提高28.69%、4.03%和2.58%。该一次性施肥模式实现了基施条件下多阶段氮素供应,降低了施肥频次与劳动力成本。在维持产量稳定的同时,氮肥利用率较T2处理提升9.53个百分点,是适合单季晚稻轻简化高效栽培的有效施肥策略,具有良好的节本增效潜力。

关键词: 水稻, 控释掺混尿素, 氮肥利用效率, 产量与效益

Abstract:

Based on the characteristics of controlled-release urea (CRU) and the nutrient uptake patterns of single-cropping late rice, this study developed a novel blended CRU formulation by optimizing the mixing ratio and release period of CRU and conventional urea (U), and investigated the feasibility of its one-time basal application as a substitute for conventional split fertilization. The aim was to provide a theoretical basis for achieving high yield, cost reduction, and enhancing efficiency in rice cultivation in Jiading District. Three treatments were established: T1 (CRU:U = 75%:25% by mass, 30-day release period, one-time basal application), T2 (conventional split application of U), and T3 (no nitrogen application). Results showed that compared with T2, the T1 treatment significantly increased the SPAD value of flag leaves at flowering and milking stages by 3.56% and 17.38%, respectively, and increased panicles per unit area by 11.24%. Yield and net economic benefit were enhanced by 2.58% and 6.30%, respectively; aboveground nitrogen accumulation rose by 19.36%; while nitrogen use efficiency, agronomic efficiency, and partial factor productivity were significantly improved by 28.69%, 4.03%, and 2.58%, respectively. This one-time fertilization strategy enables multi-stage nitrogen supply through a single basal application, reduces fertilization frequency and labor costs, and increases nitrogen use efficiency by 9.53% compared with T2 while maintaining stable yield. It represents an effective fertilization strategy suitable for the simplified and efficient cultivation of single-cropping late rice, demonstrating significant potential for cost reduction and efficiency improvement.

Key words: rice, controlled-release blended urea, nitrogen use efficiency, yield and economic benefit

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