不同施肥对农田土壤微生物功能多样性的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-0989

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了研究华北农区施肥管理对农田（玉米-小麦轮作）土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响。应用Biolog-ECO技术，借助中国农业科学院武清农田生态系统野外观测站，对农田（玉米-小麦轮作）土壤微生物群落功能多样性进行研究。结果表明：（1）单施有机肥(A1)土壤微生物对碳源利用率明显高于对照不施肥(A0)处理。（2）单施有机肥土壤微生物群落丰富度(H)和优势度指数(D)分别为2.413和0.902，显著高于推荐施肥(A2)与不施肥处理；均匀度指数(E)在推荐施肥处理下最高，显著高于单施化肥处理(A4)与其他处理间无显著差异。（3）主成分分析结果表明，推荐施肥与习惯施肥处理土壤微生物群落碳源利用方式相似，单施有机肥和单施化肥处理下土壤微生物碳源利用方式独特。糖类、氨基酸类和代谢中间产物及次生代谢物为土壤微生物主要利用的碳源。总之，有机肥的添加有利于提高土壤微生物代谢活性和土壤微生物群落功能多样性。

关键词: 木薯, 木薯

Abstract: In order to study the influence of fertilization management on the functional diversity of farmland soil microbial community (maize-wheat rotation) in the North China farming areas, this paper studied the functional diversity of soil microbial communities of the farmland (maize-wheat rotation) by Biolog-ECO technology, in Wu Qing field ecosystem station run by Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The results showed that (1) the rate of soil microbial carbon source utilization for single application of organic fertilizer (A1) was significantly higher than that of the control without fertilization (A0). (2) soil microbial communities richness (H) and dominance index (D) for single organic fertilizer was 2.413 and 0.902 separately, significantly higher than the recommended fertilization (A2) and no fertilizer. The uniformity index (E) in the recommended fertilization treatments was the highest, significantly higher than the single application of chemical fertilizer (A4) but no significant difference from the other treatments. (3) Principal component analysis showed that soil microbial community carbon source utilization was similar for the recommended fertilization and conventional fertilization treatment, with the unique way for the only organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, and sugars, amino acids and metabolic intermediates and secondary metabolites were the main carbon source for soil microbes. It concluded that adding organic fertilizer was helpful to improve the metabolic activity of microorganism and the functional diversity of soil microbial communities.

张瑞张贵龙陈冬青姬艳艳张海芳杨殿林. 不同施肥对农田土壤微生物功能多样性的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2013, 29(2): 133-139.

参考文献

[1] O'Donnell A G, Seasman M, Macrae A, et al. Plants and fertilisers as drivers of change in microbial community structure and function in soils[J].Plant and Soil,2001,232(1):135-145.
[2] Buenemann E K, Bossio D A, Smithson P C, et al. Microbial community composition and substrate use in a highly weathered soil as affected by crop rotation and P fertilization[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2004,36(6):889-901.
[3] Sparling G P. Ratio of microbial biomass carbon to soil organic carbon as a sensitive indicator of changes in soil organic matter[J]. Australian Journal of Soil Research,1992,30:195-207.
[4] 何振立.土壤微生物量及其在养分循环和环境质量评价中的意义[J].土壤,1997,29(2):61-69.
[5] Fauci M F, Dick R P. Soil microbial dynamics: short and long-term effects of inorganic and organic nitrogen[J].Soil Science Society of America,1994,58:801-806.
[6] Marschner P, Kandeler E, Marschner B. Structure and function of the soil microbial community in a long-term fertilizer experiment[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2003,35(3):453-461.
[7] Hooker B A, Morris T F, Peters R, et al. Long-term effects of tillage and corn stalk return on soil carbon dynamics[J].Soil Science Society of America,2005,69(1):188-196.
[8] Li Z P, Wu X C, Chen B Y. Changes in transformation of soil organic C and functional diversity of soil microbial community under different land uses[J]. Agricultural Sciences in China,2007,6 (10):1235-1245.
[9] Hai L, Li X G, Li F M, et al. Long-term fertilization and manuring effects on physically-separated soil organic matter pools under a wheat-wheat-maize cropping system in an arid region of China[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2010,42 (2):253-259.
[10] Zak J C, Willig M R, Moorhead D L, et a1. Functional diversity of microbial communities: a quantitative approach[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1994,26:1101-1108.
[11] Bossio D A, Scow K M. Impact of carbon and flooding on the metabolic diversity of microbial communities in soils[J]. Appl. Environ. Microb,1995,61:4043-4050.
[12] Grayston S J, Wang S, Campbell C D, et a1. Selective influence of plant species on microbial diversity in the rhizosphere[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1998,30:369-378.
[13] Yusuf A A, Abaidoo R C, Lwuafor E N O, et al. Rotation effects of grain legumes and fallow on maize yield, microbial biomass and chemical properties of an alfisol in the Nigerian savanna[J]. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, 2009,129(1/3):325-331.
[14] Denef K, Roobroeck D, Manimel W, et al. Microbial community composition and rhizodeposit carbon assimilation in differently managed temperate grassland soils[J]. Soil Biology Biochemistry, 2009,41(1):144-153.
[15] Sarathchandra S U, Ghani A, Yeates G W, et al. Effect of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers on micro-bial and nematode diversity in pasture soils[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2001,33:953-964.
[16] Fauci M F，Dick R P． Soil microbial dynamics: short and long-term effects of inorganic and organic nitrogen[J]． Soil Science Society of America,1994,58:801-806.
[17] Marschnera P， Kandelerb E， Marschner B．Structure and function of the soil microbial community in a long-term fertilizer experiment [J]．Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2003,35(3):453-461.
[18] Li Z P, Wu X C, Chen B Y. Changes in transformation of soil organic C and functional diversity of soil microbial community under different land uses[J]. Agricultural Sciences in China,2007,6 (10):1235-1245.
[19] Kennedy A C, Smith K L. Soil microbial diversity and the sustainability of agricultural soils[J]. Plant and Soil, 1995,170(1): 75-86.
[20] 中国土壤学会.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1999:22-146.
[21] Kennedy A C, Smith K L. Soil microbial diversity and the sustainability of agricultural soils[J]. Plant and Soil, 1995,170(1): 75-86.
[22] Kola P W, Jason A G, Matthias G, et al. Data transformations in the analysis of community-level substrate utilization data from microplates[J]. Journal of Microbiological Methods,2007,69: 461-469.
[23] Grove J A, Kautola H, Javadpour S, et al. Assessment of changes in the microorganism community in a biofilter[J]. Biochemical Engineering, 2004,18(2):111-114.
[24] Min L, Xiao M X. Effect of heavy metals on substrate utilization pattern, biomass and activity of microbial communities in a reclaimed mining wasteland of red soil area[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2007,66(2):217-223.
[25] Wolfgang H, Michael H, Markus K, et al. Application of multivariate analysis of variance and related techniques in soil studies with substrate utilization tests[J]. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 1997, 30: 81-89.
[26] Hao L R, Fan Y, Hao Z O, et al. Pragmatic statistic analysis of SPSS [M]. Beijing: China Water Power Press, 2002.
[27] Zabinski C A, Gannon J E. Effects of recreational impacts on soil microbial communities[J]. Environmental Management,1997,21(2): 233-238.
[28] Konopka A, Oliver L, Turco R F. The use of carbon substrate utilization patterns in environmental and ecological microbiology [J]. Microbial Ecology,1998,35(2):103-115.
[29] Garland J L. Analysis and interpretation of community-level physiological profiles in microbial ecology[J].Microbial Ecology, 1997,24(4):289-300.
[30] 王光华,刘俊杰,齐晓宁,等. Biolog和PCR-DGGE技术解析施肥对德惠黑土细菌群落结构和功能的影响[J].生态学报,2008,28(1): 220-226.
[31] 李秀英,赵秉强,李絮花.不同施肥制度对土壤微生物的影响及其与土壤肥力的关系[J].中国农业科学,2005,38(8):1591-1599.
[32] 李东坡,武志杰,陈利军,等.长期培肥黑土微生物量磷动态变化及影响因素[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(10):1897-1902.
[33] 朱海平,姚槐应,张勇勇,等.不同培肥管理措施对土壤微生物生态特征的影响[J].土壤通报,2003,34(2):140-142.
[34] 徐阳春,沈其荣,冉炜.长期免耕与施用有机肥对土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷的影响[J].土壤学报,2002,39(1):89-96.
[35] Lovella R D, Jarvisa S C, Bardgett R D. Soil microbial biomass and activity in long-term grassland: Effects of management changes[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1995,27(7):969-975.
[36] 宋亚娜,Marschner Petra,张福锁,等.小麦/蚕豆,玉米/蚕豆和小麦/玉米间作对根际细菌群落结构的影响[J].生态学报,2006,26(7): 2268-2274.
[37] 张继宏,颜丽,窦森.农业持续发展的土壤培肥研究[M].沈阳:东北大学出版社,1995.