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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (1): 49-55.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080077

所属专题： 园艺

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

华南地区主要蔬菜磷钾肥料利用率研究现状

王现洁, 梁嘉伟, 廖新荣, 王荣萍(), 梁雄才, 李淑仪   

  1. 广东省生态环境技术研究所/广东省农业环境综合治理重点实验室,广州 510650
  • 收稿日期:2018-08-17 修回日期:2018-11-20 出版日期:2020-01-05 发布日期:2020-01-07
  • 通讯作者: 王荣萍
  • 作者简介:王现洁,女,1990年出生,山东济宁人,硕士,研究方向：土壤与植物营养。通信地址：510650 广州市天河区天源路808号 广东省生态环境技术研究所,Tel：020-87024752,E-mail：wangxj_2018@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    广东省科学院实施创新驱动发展能力建设专项“红壤物质循环与污染控制技术与方法创新能力建设”(2018GDASCX-0106);国家科技支撑项目“城郊区环保型高效农业关键技术研究与示范”(2014BAD14B05)

Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer Use Efficiency of Main Vegetables in South China

Wang Xianjie, Liang Jiawei, Liao Xinrong, Wang Rongping(), Liang Xiongcai, Li Shuyi   

  1. Technology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Managemen, Guangzhou 510560
  • Received:2018-08-17 Revised:2018-11-20 Online:2020-01-05 Published:2020-01-07
  • Contact: Wang Rongping

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摘要：

为了解决华南地区蔬菜高效生产问题,以华南地区主要蔬菜为试验材料,总结了近年来在该地区主要蔬菜生产区进行的田间试验结果,分析了施磷钾肥对叶菜、瓜类、豆类蔬菜产量和养分吸收的影响,以及目前条件下华南地区蔬菜磷钾肥的偏生产力、农学效率、肥料表观利用率、生理利用率、肥料贡献率和地力贡献率。结果表明：叶菜、瓜类和豆类蔬菜施用磷钾肥均能促进蔬菜产量的增加和磷钾养分的吸收。叶菜、瓜类、豆类蔬菜磷肥偏生产力分别为781.9、257.6、211.9 kg/kg,农学效率为30.5、64.1、23.1 kg/kg,表观利用率为17.2%、9.7%、6.1%,生理利用率为222.3、370.6、292.7 kg/kg,肥料贡献率为16.4%、19.4%、12.9%,地力贡献率为83.6%、80.4%、87.1%。叶菜、瓜类、豆类蔬菜钾肥偏生产力分别为298.8、164.3、165.8 kg/kg,农学效率为29.5、39.5、25.8 kg/kg,表观利用率为24.8%、24.3%、13.0%,生理利用率为152.3、218.6、229.1 kg/kg,肥料贡献率为13.8%、21.6%、17.4%,地力贡献率为86.2%、78.3%、82.6%。分析肥料利用率分布频率可以看出,磷肥表观利用率<20%的试验样本和钾肥表观利用率30%的试验样本均占总样本的80%以上,表明目前试验条件下各类蔬菜的磷钾肥利用率较低,生产上需同时解决蔬菜产量及肥料利用效率提高的问题。

关键词: 蔬菜, 肥料利用率, 磷肥, 钾肥

Abstract:

To explore the efficient vegetable production in South China, data from field experiments in vegetable producing areas were collected to analyze the effects of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on yield and nutrient absorption by vegetables under the experimental conditions. In addition, these data were also used for evaluating partial factor productivity (PFP), agronomic efficiency (AE), apparent recovery efficiency (ARE), physiological efficiency (PE), fertilizer contribution rate (FCR) and soil contribution rate (SCR) of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. The results showed that the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to vegetables (leaf, gourd and leguminous vegetables) had positive effects on vegetable yield and adsorption of phosphorus and potassium nutrients. For leaf, gourd, and leguminous vegetables, the average PFPP was 781.9, 257.6 and 211.9 kg/kg, respectively; AEP was 30.5, 64.1 and 23.1 kg/kg, respectively; AREP was 17.2%, 9.7% and 6.1%, respectively; PEP was 222.3, 370.6 and 292.7 kg/kg, respectively; FCR was 16.4%, 19.4% and 12.9%, respectively; SCR was 83.6%, 80.4% and 87.1%, respectively; PFPK was 298.8, 164.3 and 165.8 kg/kg, respectively; AEK was 29.5, 39.5 and 25.8 kg/kg, respectively; AREK was 24.8%, 24.3% and 13.0%, respectively; PEK was 152.3, 218.6 and 229.1 kg/kg; FCR was 13.8%, 21.6% and 17.4%, respectively; and SCR was 86.2%, 78.3% and 82.6%, respectively. Fertilizer use efficiency distribution show that over 80% of the vegetable has an AREP smaller than 20% and an AREK smaller than 30%, suggesting that under current conditions, the fertilizer use efficiency of various vegetables is low. In vegetable production, high yield should be based on high fertilizer use efficiency.

Key words: vegetable, fertilizer use efficiency, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer

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