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中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (21): 53-60.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200200102

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

低温秸秆降解真菌的筛选及在秸秆还田中的应用

黄亚丽1, 黄媛媛2, 马慧媛2, 徐炳雪2, 贾振华2, 宋水山2, 李再兴1, 贾素巧3()   

  1. 1 河北科技大学环境科学与工程学院,石家庄 050018
    2 河北省科学院生物研究所,石家庄 050081
    3 河北女子职业技术学院,石家庄 050091
  • 收稿日期:2020-02-11 修回日期:2020-03-22 出版日期:2020-07-25 发布日期:2020-07-21
  • 通讯作者: 贾素巧
  • 作者简介:黄亚丽,女,1975年出生,河北肃宁人,研究员,博士,研究方向:主要从事微生物与生物有机肥研究。通信地址:050018 石家庄市裕翔街26号 河北科技大学环境科学与工程,Tel:0311-83014618,E-mail:huangyali2291@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划“黄淮海北部小麦-玉米农田耕层调理与土壤肥力提高关键技术”(2017YFD0300905)

Fungi with Corn Straw Decomposing Characterization at Low-temperature: Screening and Application in Straw Returning Field

Huang Yali1, Huang YuanYuan2, Ma Huiyuan2, Xu Bingxue2, Jia Zhenhua2, Song Shuishan2, Li Zaixing1, Jia Suqiao3()   

  1. 1 School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018
    2 Institute of Biology Hebei Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050081
    3 Hebei Women's Vocational College, Shijiazhuang 050091
  • Received:2020-02-11 Revised:2020-03-22 Online:2020-07-25 Published:2020-07-21
  • Contact: Jia Suqiao

摘要:

旨在针对黄淮海北部小麦-玉米一年两熟区的气候特点,进行低温秸秆降解真菌的筛选及其应用效果研究。以纤维素钠-刚果红培养基、秸秆液体培养基为筛选培养基,在16℃培养温度下进行秸秆降解真菌的筛选;采用形态学和分子生物学相结合的方法进行菌株鉴定;用沙袋法和田间小区试验法测定菌株的秸秆降解能力。筛选获得一株低温秸秆降解真菌SDF-31,该菌株为长枝木霉(Trichoderma longibrachiatum)。该菌株接种15天时和45天时的秸秆降解率分别为43.89%和56.73%,显著高于常温秸秆降解菌剂和空白对照。SDF-31处理的秸秆原有纤维结构高度破环、产生大量纤维碎片,且土壤全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾等指标都显著高于常温降解菌剂和空白对照,其中速效钾和碱解氮的含量分别比常温秸秆降解菌剂提高17.00%和5.12%,比空白对照分别提高25.53%和15.09%。筛选获得一株具有低温秸秆降解作用的长枝木霉(T. longibrachiatum) SDF-31,为黄淮海北部秋冬季节玉米秸秆还田提供菌株资源。

关键词: 玉米秸秆, 低温, 秸秆降解真菌, 秸秆降解率, 长枝木霉

Abstract:

The aim of this study is to screen the fungi with straw degradation characterization at low temperature and to determine the application effect of these strains in the wheat-maize double cropping areas of northern Huanghuaihai. Straw degradation fungi were screened by Cellulose sodium-Congo red medium and liquid straw medium at 16℃. Morphological and molecular biological methods were used to identify the strains. Sandbag method and field plot test were used to determine the straw degradation ability of the strains. A low temperature straw degradation fungus named as SDF-31 was screened and identified as Trichoderma longibrachiatum. The degradation rate of this strain was 43.89% and 56.73% respectively at 15 and 45 days after inoculation, significantly higher than that of the normal temperature inoculants and control. The original fiber structure of straw treated by SDF-31 was highly broken and a large number of fiber fragments were produced. Total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium of treatment SDF-31 were significantly higher than those of normal temperature inoculants and control. The content of available potassium and alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen of treatment SDF-31 were 17.00% and 5.12% higher than that of normal temperature inoculants, 25.53% and 15.09% higher than that of control respectively. A strain of T. longibrachiatum SDF-31 with low temperature straw degradation is screened, and the research provides strain resources for straw returning at autumn and winter in northern Huanghuaihai.

Key words: corn straw, low temperature, straw degradation fungi, straw degradation rate, Trichoderma longibrachiatum

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