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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (28): 137-142.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200300256

所属专题： 园艺

• 植物保护·农药 • 上一篇    下一篇

‘富士’苹果果实主要矿质元素与苦痘病发生的关系

巩峻豪1(), 陈建文2, 车琴琴1, 仇丽娜1, 王永章1()   

  1. 1青岛农业大学园艺学院,山东青岛 266109
    2山东省招远市蚕庄镇农业综合服务中心,山东招远 265402
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-26 修回日期:2020-07-09 出版日期:2020-10-05 发布日期:2020-09-23
  • 通讯作者: 王永章
  • 作者简介:巩峻豪,男,1992年出生,山东日照人,硕士,研究方向：果树栽培生理。通信地址：266109 山东省青岛市城阳区长城路700号 青岛农业大学园艺学院,Tel：0532-58957330,E-mail：gjh1310@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划“苹果化肥农药减施增效技术集成研究与示范——矮砧苹果高效栽培技术集成研究与示范”(2016YFD0201120);山东省重大科技创新工程项目“果园灌溉施肥精准管理技术研究”(2018CXGC0210);山东省现代农业产业技术体系果品创新团队“栽培与土壤肥料岗位”(SDAIT-06-05);农业部海藻类肥料重点实验室开放基金(MAKLSF1801)

The Relationship Between Mineral Element Contents and Bitter Pit Occurrence in ‘Fuji’ Apple Fruits

Gong Junhao1(), Chen Jianwen2, Che Qinqin1, Qiu Lina1, Wang Yongzhang1()   

  1. 1Horticultural College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao Shandong 266109
    2Comprehensive Service Center of Agriculture, Canzhuang Town of Zhaoyuan City, Shandong Province, Zhaoyuan Shandong 265402
  • Received:2020-03-26 Revised:2020-07-09 Online:2020-10-05 Published:2020-09-23
  • Contact: Wang Yongzhang

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摘要：

以‘富士’苹果为试材,研究采收期苦痘病果实和正常果实果肉、果皮和果肉质外体的Ca、K、Mg和P等矿质元素含量及其比值变化,探讨苦痘病的发生机理。结果表明,与正常苹果果实相比,苦痘病果实的单果重和可溶性固形物含量显著高于正常果实,两者间的果实硬度、苹果酸含量和果形指数无显著差异。正常果实、苦痘病果实发病部位和正常部位的质外体Ca含量无显著差异,质外体K、Mg和P含量表现出苦痘病发病部位高于发病果实正常部位和正常果实,且发病部位与正常果实之间均差异显著。从矿质元素间的比值可以看出,苦痘病果实发病部位的K/Ca、Mg/Ca、P/Ca和[K+Mg]/Ca比值均显著高于正常果实相对应元素的比值,分别为正常果实的1.64、1.50、2.05和1.63倍。研究结果还表明,苦痘病果实果皮和果肉的Ca含量均显著低于正常果实,与正常果实相比,发病果实具有较高的K、Mg、P和N含量。苦痘病果实发病部位的K/Ca、Mg/Ca、P/Ca、[K+Mg]/Ca和N/Ca比值均显著高于正常果实相对应元素的比值。由此推断,苹果果实苦痘病的发生不仅与果实的单一Ca含量有关,果实的K、Mg、P和N含量,尤其K/Ca、Mg/Ca、P/Ca、[K+Mg]/Ca和N/Ca的比值与苦痘病的发生密切相关,在生产中均衡营养与科学施肥是解决苹果苦痘病的关键。

关键词: 苹果果实, 苦痘病, 质外体, 矿质元素, 品质

Abstract:

The content and ratio of mineral elements, including Ca, K, Mg and P in fruit flesh, peel and apoplast of the normal and bitter pit fruit, were studied with the aim to explore the mechanism of bitter pit occurrence in ‘Fuji’ apple at harvest stage. The results showed that the fruits with bitter pit had higher fruit weight and soluble solids content compared with the normal fruits. No significant difference was found in fruit firmness, malic acid content and fruit shape index between bitter pit fruit and normal fruit. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the apoplastic Ca content among the normal fruit, the normal parts and the scab parts of bitter pit fruit. However, the apoplastic contents of K, Mg and P in scab parts of bitter pit fruit were higher than those in the normal part of bitter pit fruit and the normal fruit. The analysis of the ratios between different mineral elements showed that the scab parts of bitter pit fruit had higher ratio of K/Ca, Mg/Ca, P/Ca and [K+Mg]/Ca, which was 1.64, 1.50, 2.05 and 1.63 times that of normal fruits respectively. The results also indicated that the Ca content of peel and flesh in bitter pit fruit were much lower than those in the normal fruit, and the contents of K, Mg, P and N in bitter pit fruit were higher than those in the normal fruit. Moreover, the ratios of K/Ca, Mg/Ca, P/Ca, [K+Mg]/Ca and N/Ca in the scab sites of bitter pit fruit were significantly higher than those in normal apple fruit. It is concluded that the occurrence of bitter pit in apple fruit is not only related to the content of Ca in the fruit, but also highly related to the content of K, Mg, P and N and the ratio of K/Ca, Mg/Ca, P/Ca, [K+Mg]/Ca and N/Ca. Therefore, balanced nutrition and scientific fertilization are the key management points to solve bitter pit occurrence in apple cultivation.

Key words: apple fruit, bitter pit, apoplast, mineral element, quality

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