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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (32): 55-61.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20191100816

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

温度对白魔芋花粉功能及自交结实的影响

刘二喜1(), 覃宇1, 胡中立2   

  1. 1湖北省恩施土家族苗族自治州农业科学院,湖北恩施 445000
    2武汉大学生命科学院,武汉 430072
  • 收稿日期:2019-11-11 修回日期:2020-01-28 出版日期:2020-11-15 发布日期:2020-11-19
  • 作者简介:刘二喜,男,1985年出生,湖北石首人,农艺师,硕士,主要从事魔芋种质资源评价与利用研究。通信地址:445000 湖北省恩施市施州大道517号 恩施州农科院,Tel:0718-8414857,E-mail: Liuerxi1985@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    湖北省鄂西民族专项“武陵山区特色产业魔芋连作障碍攻关及尾粉循环开发应用”(2017AKB076);宜昌市科技项目“魔芋热带品种资源的引种、驯化及栽培示范”(A20-4-013);湖北省“三区科技人才”项目“魔芋高产高效栽培示范”(2019-117);湖北省“三区科技人才”项目“魔芋高产高效栽培示范”(2020-106)

Effects of Temperature on the Pollen Function and Self-fertilization of Amorphophallus Albus

Liu Erxi1(), Qin Yu1, Hu Zhongli2   

  1. 1Enshi Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi Hubei 445000
    2College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072
  • Received:2019-11-11 Revised:2020-01-28 Online:2020-11-15 Published:2020-11-19

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摘要：

研究温度对白魔芋散粉、花粉萌发、活力保持及自交结实的影响,以离体萌发法测定花粉萌发率,以培养箱法测定恒温自交结实率,以野外套袋法测定自然自交结实率。结果显示:最佳散粉温度22~26℃,18℃低温下可正常散粉,而34~38℃高温下80%以上花株花粉囊无法正常开裂;高浓度钙可加快花粉管的生长;花粉在18、22、26、30、34、38℃下的萌发率分别为8.78%、33.17%、54.90%、38.83%、29.10%、6.98%;花粉在38、34、30、26、22、18℃贮藏下分别在4、4、12、12、25、55 h内丧失活性。恒温培养中仅26℃下有4.35%的自交存活率,野外套袋中日平均温度为23.7℃时有2.94%的自交存活率。白魔芋的散粉培养及离体萌发最佳温度为26℃,温度过高或过低均影响授粉结实率。及时采集花粉、控制温度、调节湿度、适当灌溉均能提高授粉结实率。

关键词: 白魔芋, 温度, 散粉, 花粉活性, 离体萌发, 自交

Abstract:

To study the effect of temperature on pollen dispersal, pollen germination, pollen viability retention and self-fertilization of A.albus, the germination rate was determined by in vitro germination method, the self-fertilization rate was determined by incubator method, and the self-pollination rate was verified by bagging method. The results showed that the optimum temperature for pollen dispersal was 22-26℃, and pollen could be dispersed normally at 18℃, but more than 80% of the plants anther could not crack at 34-38℃. High concentration of Ca2+could accelerate the growth of pollen tube. The germination rate of pollen was 8.78%, 33.17%, 54.90%, 38.83%, 29.10% and 6.98% under 18, 22, 26, 30, 34 and 38℃, respectively. Pollen was inactivated within 4, 4, 12, 12, 25 and 55 h stored under 38, 34, 30, 26, 22 and 18℃, respectively. In constant temperature, self-pollination survival rate was 4.35% at 26℃. In the field bagging test, the self-pollination rate was 2.94% when the average daily temperature was 23.7℃. The most suitable temperature for pollen dispersal and germination in vitro was 26℃, too high or too low temperature could both reduce seed setting rate. Seed setting rate could be increased through such measures as gathering pollen in time, controlling temperature, adjusting humidity and proper irrigation.

Key words: Amorphophallus albus, temperature, pollen dispersal, pollen activity, germination in vitro, self-fertilization

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