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中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1): 121-131.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20200200099

所属专题: 园艺 农业气象

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

喀什地区杏树开花始期与气象因子的相关性及预报方法研究

克日木·阿巴司(), 努尔帕提曼·买买提热依木, 孟凡雪, 帕提曼·阿布都艾尼, 张琴   

  1. 新疆维吾尔自治区喀什地区气象局,新疆喀什 844000
  • 收稿日期:2020-02-11 修回日期:2020-04-26 出版日期:2021-01-05 发布日期:2020-12-25
  • 作者简介:克日木·阿巴司,男,1977年出生,高级工程师,本科,研究方向:农业气象、气候变化和预测。通信地址:844000新疆喀什市大众路5号 喀什地区气象局,E-mail:173111486@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区喀什地区气象局2020年科技项目“喀什平原地区杏花花期预报方法研究”(KS202005)

Apricot Initial Flowering Period and Meteorological Factors of Kashi, Xinjiang: Correlation and Predication

Kerimu Abasi(), Nu`erpatiman Maimaitireyimu, Meng Fanxue, Patiman Abuduaini, Zhang Qin   

  1. Kashi Meteorological Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Kashi Xinjiang 844000
  • Received:2020-02-11 Revised:2020-04-26 Online:2021-01-05 Published:2020-12-25

摘要:

利用新疆喀什地区喀什市、叶城县、莎车县、巴楚县、麦盖提县1984—2019年杏树物候期观测资料,与同期逐日平均气温、最低气温、降水量以及日照时数资料,采用相关分析和回归分析,对杏树开花始期与气象因子的关系进行分析,拟为开花期预报提供依据。结果表明:各气象因子中,最低气温对开花影响最大,其次为平均气温和日照,降水及其他气象因子影响较小。研究区气温与杏树开花期正相关,1984—2019年间,喀什地区2月下旬至3月下旬最低气温、平均气温增加幅度为0.2~1.7℃/10 a,杏花芽膨大期、花芽开放期、开花始期分别提前5.3~8.7、3.1~5.6、2.2~3.6 d/10 a。杏树开花期预报服务中,喀什地区偏北、偏南、偏东区域逐日平均气温分别稳定通过≥0℃的初日~第34天、第39~41天、第37~39天,或开花始期前稳定通过≥0℃的积温分别达到250、270~280、250~270℃,或杏树开花始期前5日滑动平均气温均稳定通过≥12℃拟作为杏树进入开花始期的依据。

关键词: 杏树, 开花始期, 气象因子, 相关分析, 预报方法

Abstract:

Based on the observation of the apricot tree phenology and the daily average temperature, minimum temperature, precipitation, and sunshine hours of the corresponding period in Kashi City, and Yecheng, Shache, Bachu and Maigaiti County of Kashi Prefecture of Xinjiang, the relationship between the beginning of apricot flowering and meteorological factors was analyzed using correlation analysis and regression analysis. The results show that among the various meteorological factors, the lowest temperature has the greatest impact on flowering, followed by the average temperature and sunlight, and the precipitation and other meteorological factors have less influence. The temperature in the study area is positively correlated to the flowering period of the apricot tree. From 1984 to 2019, the minimum temperature and average temperature increase in Kashi from late February to late March was 0.2-1.7℃/10 years. The apricot flower bud expansion period, flower bud opening period, the beginning of flowering was ahead of time by 5.3 to 8.7, 3.1 to 5.6, and 2.2 to 3.6 d/10 a, respectively. In apricot flowering period forecasting service, the daily average temperature of north, south and east of Kashi passed through ≥0℃ from day 1 to 34, day 39 to 41, day 37 to 39, or the accumulated temperature passed ≥0℃ before flowering reaching 250, 270-280, and 250-270℃, respectively, or the sliding average temperature of 5 days before the beginning of flowering passed≥12℃ could be used as the basis for predicting the beginning of apricot tree flowering.

Key words: apricot, initial flowering period, meteorological factors, correlation analysis, predication method

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