抑制剂NAM对盐渍土壤玉米产量和氮肥农学利用效率的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0038

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了提高盐碱土壤中氮肥的利用率,降低硝化作用,减少氮素营养的流失,采用田间小区试验,试验处理设置为：不施肥为对照、常规施肥、常规施肥+NAM(长效复合肥添加剂)、常规施肥80%+NAM,研究了不同处理盐渍土壤养分离子及玉米产量的变化。结果表明,与常规施肥比较,常规施肥+NAM处理可提高土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾和有机质等含量,降低土壤碱化度。增加了土壤CEC（Cation exchange capacty,阳离子交换量）及水溶性盐基离子K⁺、Ca²⁺与Mg²⁺含量。pH变化不明显,电导率有一定下降。玉米产量提高了10.30%,氮肥农学利用效率提高了34.38%。常规施肥80%+NAM处理玉米产量与常规施肥相当,但具有更高的肥料偏生产力和氮肥农学利用效率,可推荐在生产实践中参考应用。

关键词: 抑制剂NAM, 盐碱土壤, 玉米, 氮肥农学利用效率

Abstract:

To improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in saline-alkali soil, reduce nitrification and reduce the loss of nitrogen nutrition, a field plot test was conducted. The test was set as: no fertilization as control, conventional fertilization, conventional fertilization + NAM (long-acting compound fertilizer additive), conventional fertilization 80% + NAM. The changes of saline soil nutrients and corn yield in different treatments were studied. The results indicated that compared with conventional fertilization, conventional fertilization + NAM treatment increased soil nutrient content such as alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter, and reduced soil alkalinity; increased soil CEC (cation exchange capacity) and water-soluble base ions K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺.The soil pH did not change significantly, and the conductivity decreased to some extent. The yield of corn increased by 10.30%, and the agronomic utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer increased by 34.38%.The corn yield of conventional fertilization 80% + NAM treatment is equivalent to that of conventional fertilization, however, it has higher partial fertilizer productivity and agronomic utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer, and could be recommended for application in production.

Key words: NAM inhibitor, saline-alkali soil, corn, agronomic utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer

中图分类号:

S513

国艳春, 孙显旻, 曾路生, 李旭霖, 宋祥云, 柳新伟, 崔德杰. 抑制剂NAM对盐渍土壤玉米产量和氮肥农学利用效率的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(5): 43-48.

Guo Yanchun, Sun Xianmin, Zeng Lusheng, Li Xulin, Song Xiangyun, Liu Xinwei, Cui Dejie. Effects of Inhibitor NAM on Corn Yield and Agronomic Utilization Efficiency of Nitrogen Fertilizer in Saline-Alkali Soil[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(5): 43-48.

图/表 6

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土层深度/cm	处理	有机质/ (g/kg)	全氮/ (g/kg）	碱解氮/ (mg/kg)	速效磷/ (mg/kg)	速效钾/ (mg/kg)	pH	电导率/ (μs/cm)
0~10	CK	16.14 b	0.75 c	80.50 b	11.39 c	222.00 b	8.06 a	550.00 b
	常规施肥	16.38 b	0.82 b	105.10 ab	17.48 b	252.50 b	8.07 a	586.00 a
	常规施肥+NAM	18.69 a	0.93 a	103.30 ab	19.45 a	272.30 a	8.25 a	559.20 b
	常规施肥80%+NAM	17.53 ab	0.87 b	108.50 a	16.58 b	249.90 ab	8.21 a	520.50 c
10~20	CK	15.93 b	0.70 b	84.00 b	4.91 c	155.90 c	8.17 a	517.40 ab
	常规施肥	15.98 b	0.78 ab	86.20 b	10.99 ab	173.70 b	8.22 a	540.10 a
	常规施肥+NAM	17.87 a	0.89 a	90.80 a	12.21 a	188.60 a	8.25 a	530.40 ab
	常规施肥80%+NAM	15.82 b	0.77 ab	85.30 b	9.37 b	173.70 b	8.35 a	506.40 b

土层深度/cm	处理	有机质/ (g/kg)	全氮/ (g/kg）	碱解氮/ (mg/kg)	速效磷/ (mg/kg)	速效钾/ (mg/kg)	pH	电导率/ (μs/cm)
0~10	CK	16.14 b	0.75 c	80.50 b	11.39 c	222.00 b	8.06 a	550.00 b
	常规施肥	16.38 b	0.82 b	105.10 ab	17.48 b	252.50 b	8.07 a	586.00 a
	常规施肥+NAM	18.69 a	0.93 a	103.30 ab	19.45 a	272.30 a	8.25 a	559.20 b
	常规施肥80%+NAM	17.53 ab	0.87 b	108.50 a	16.58 b	249.90 ab	8.21 a	520.50 c
10~20	CK	15.93 b	0.70 b	84.00 b	4.91 c	155.90 c	8.17 a	517.40 ab
	常规施肥	15.98 b	0.78 ab	86.20 b	10.99 ab	173.70 b	8.22 a	540.10 a
	常规施肥+NAM	17.87 a	0.89 a	90.80 a	12.21 a	188.60 a	8.25 a	530.40 ab
	常规施肥80%+NAM	15.82 b	0.77 ab	85.30 b	9.37 b	173.70 b	8.35 a	506.40 b

土层深度/cm	处理	交换性Na⁺/(cmol/kg)	CEC/(cmol/kg)	ESP
0~10	CK	1.29 a	11.05 b	11.67%
	常规施肥	1.09 ab	11.35 ab	9.61%
	常规施肥+NAM	0.97 b	11.60 a	8.36%
	常规施肥80%+NAM	1.14 ab	11.28 ab	10.11%
10~20	CK	1.70 a	10.53 b	16.19%
	常规施肥	1.54 ab	10.90 b	14.13%
	常规施肥+NAM	1.45 b	11.35 a	12.78%
	常规施肥80%+NAM	1.49 b	10.98 b	13.57%

土层深度/cm	处理	交换性Na⁺/(cmol/kg)	CEC/(cmol/kg)	ESP
0~10	CK	1.29 a	11.05 b	11.67%
	常规施肥	1.09 ab	11.35 ab	9.61%
	常规施肥+NAM	0.97 b	11.60 a	8.36%
	常规施肥80%+NAM	1.14 ab	11.28 ab	10.11%
10~20	CK	1.70 a	10.53 b	16.19%
	常规施肥	1.54 ab	10.90 b	14.13%
	常规施肥+NAM	1.45 b	11.35 a	12.78%
	常规施肥80%+NAM	1.49 b	10.98 b	13.57%

处理	玉米产量/ (kg/hm²⁾	肥料偏生产力/ (kg/kg)	氮肥农学利用效率/ (kg/kg)
CK	4945.15 c	—	—
常规施肥	7064.85 b	23.14b	14.34b
常规施肥+NAM	7792.72 a	25.53 b	19.27 a
常规施肥80%+NAM	7173.29 b	29.37 a	18.85 a